Abstract
Heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts explores the cross-fertilization of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts to combine most of their advantages. The molecular dispersion of active sites in these materials limits the application of conventional spectroscopic techniques utilized for the characterization of heterogeneous catalysts. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy is the most suitable tool to characterize the molecular species present in these catalysts because this technique is sensitive to short-range structural orders, element-specific and amenable to in situ studies. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies for selective examples of supported homogeneous catalysts are reviewed. Supported liquid phase catalysts (supported Wacker-type catalysts for CO oxidation), intercalated homogeneous catalysts, supported metal complexes for the olefin polymerization and tethered homogeneous catalysts are included.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Choplin and F. Quignard, Coord. Chem. Rev. 178–180 (1998) 1679.
E.D. Park, J.S. Lee and K.H. Lee, Catal. Today 63 (2000) 147.
D.C. Koningsberger, B.L. Mojet, G.E. van Dorssen and D.E. Ramaker, Topics Catal. 10 (2000) 143.
O. Alexeev and B.C. Gates, Topics Catal. 10 (2000) 273.
J.S. Lee, S.H. Choi, K.D. Kim and M. Nomura, Appl. Catal. B 7 (1996) 199.
S.H. Choi and J.S. Lee, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 57 (1996) 227.
Y. Yamamoto, T. Matsuzaki, K. Ohdan and Y. Okamoto, J. Catal. 161 (1996) 577.
E.D. Park, S.H. Choi and J.S. Lee, J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (2000) 5586.
K.D. Kim, I.-S. Nam, J.S. Chung, J.S. Lee, S.G. Ryu and Y.S. Yang, Appl. Catal. B 5 (1994) 103.
D.J. Koh, J.H. Song, S.-W. Ham, I.-S. Nam, R.-W. Chang, E.D. Park, J.S. Lee and Y.G. Kim, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 14 (1997) 486.
E.D. Park and J.S. Lee, J. Catal. 180 (1998) 123.
E.D. Park and J.S. Lee, J. Catal. 193 (2000) 5.
K.A. Carrado and S.R. Wasserman, Chem. Mater. 8 (1996) 219.
J.H. Choy, D.K. Kim, J.C. Park, S.N. Choi and Y.J. Kim, Inorg. Chem. 36 (1997) 189.
P.J. Alonso, J.M. Fraile, J. Garcia, J.I. Garcia, J.I. Martinez, J.A. Mayoral and M.C. Sanchez, Langmuir 16 (2000) 5607.
P.J.V. Jones and R.J. Oldman, in: Transition Metals and Organometallics as Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization,eds.W. Kaminsky and H. Sinn (Springer, Berlin, 1988) p. 223.
L. Aleandri, V. Fraaije, G. Fink, D. Jones and J. Roziere, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 15 (1994) 453.
A.G. Potapov, V.V. Kriventsov, D.I. Kochubey, G.D. Bukatov and V.A. Zakharov, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 198 (1997) 3477.
P.J. Ellis, R.W. Joyner, T. Maschmeyer, A.F. Masters, D.A. Niles and A.K. Smith, J. Mol. Catal. A 111 (1996) 297.
S. O'Brien, J. Tudor, T. Maschmeyer and D. Ohare, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 19 (1997) 1905.
J.H. Lunsford and S. Fu, Langmuir 6 (1990) 1784.
S.H. Lau, V. Caps, K.W. Yeung, K.Y. Wong and S.C. Tsang, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 32 (1999) 279.
C. Bianchini, D.G. Burnaby, J. Evans, P. Frediani, A. Meli, W. Oberhauser, R. Psaro, L. Sordelli and F. Vizza, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) 5961.
S. O'Brien, J. Tudor, S. Barlow, M.J. Drewitt, S.J. Heyes and D. Ohare, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 6 (1997) 641.
E. Lindner, T. Schneller, F. Auer and H.A. Mayer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 38 (1999) 2154.
E. Lindner, T. Schneller, H.A. Mayer, H. Bertagnolli, T.S. Ertel and W. Horner, Chem. Mater. 9 (1997) 1524.
O. Krocher, R.A. Koppel, M. Froba and A. Baiker, J. Catal. 178 (1998) 284.
E. Lindner, W. Wielandt, A. Baumann, H.A. Mayer, U. Reinohl, A. Weber, T.S. Ertel and H. Bertagnolli, Chem. Mater. 11 (1999) 1833.
E. Lindner, F. Auer, A. Baumann, P. Wegner, H.A. Mayer, H. Bertagnolli, U. Reinohl, T.S. Ertel and A. Weber, J. Mol. Catal. A 157 (2000) 97.
E. Lindner, A. Baumann, P. Wegner, H.A. Mayer, U. Reinohl, A. Weber, T.S. Ertel and H. Bertagnolli, J. Mater. Chem. 10 (2000) 1655.
A.P. Markusse, B.F.M. Kuster, D.C. Koningsberger and G.B. Marin, Catal. Lett. 55 (1998) 141.
H.H.C.M. Pinxt, B.F.M. Kuster, D.C. Koningsberger and G.B. Marin, Catal. Today 39 (1998) 351.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, J.S., Park, E.D. In situ XAFS Characterization of Supported Homogeneous Catalysts. Topics in Catalysis 18, 67–72 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013834317787
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013834317787