Skip to main content
Log in

Feelings of Connectedness and Internalization of Values in Asian American Adolescents

  • Published:
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study is an attempt to examine a possible mechanism for the high academic achievements of Asian Americans by comparing the quality of experience of Asian American and Caucasian American adolescents. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) was used to record subjective experiences. Subjects were 34 Asian American and 392 Caucasian American adolescents in the sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth grades. The ESM analyses revealed interesting differences between the two groups in their psychological functioning. The levels of Asian Americans' perceived importance of activities to future goals and happiness, enjoyment, self-esteem, and activeness covaried more positively and strongly, as compared to those of Caucasian American adolescents. The physical presence of others also affected the quality of experience of Asian American adolescents more strongly and more positively than that of Caucasian American adolescents. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of Asian adolescents' readiness for internalization of cultural values, which may promote academic excellence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Asakawa, K. (1995). The quality of experience and internalization of values of Asian American adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.

  • Asakawa, K., and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998a). The quality of experience of Asian American adolescents in activities related to future goals. J. Youth Adolesc. 27: 141–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asakawa, K., and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998b). The quality of experience of Asian American adolescents in academic activities: An exploration of educational achievement. J. Res. Adolesc. 8: 241–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bidwell, C. E., Csikszentmihalyi, M., Hedges, L., and Schneider, B. (1992). Studying Career Choice, Volume I: Overview and Analysis. Ogburn-Stouffer Center, NORC, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of the Census. (1993). Social and Economic Characteristics: 1990 Census of Population. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, E. C. (1996). Cultural differences in optimism, pessimism, and coping: Predictors of subsequent adjustment in Asian American and Caucasian American college students. J. Couns. Psychol. 43: 113–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., and Larson, R. (1984). Being Adolescent: Conflict and Growth in the Teenage Years. Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., and Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of experience-sampling method. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 175: 526–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., Larson, R., and Prescott, S. (1977). The ecology of adolescent activity and experience. J. Youth Adolesc. 6: 281–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior. Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 53: 1024–1037.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., and Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educ. Psychologist, 26 (3 and 4): 325–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVos, G. (1985). Dimensions of the self in Japanese culture. In Marsella, A. J., DeVos, G., and Hsu, F. L. K. (ed.), Culture and Self (pp. 141–184). Tavistock, New York.

  • Hsu, F. L. K. (1985). The self in cross-cultural perspective. In Marsella, A. J., DeVos, G., and Hsu, F. L. K. (ed.), Culture and Self (pp. 24–55). Tavistock, New York.

  • Ima, K., and Rumbaut, R. G. (1989). Southeast Asian refugees in American schools: A comparison of fluent-English-proficient and limited-English-proficient student. Topics Lang. Dis. 9: 54–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitano, M. K. (1984). Early education for Asian-American children. In Saracho, O. N., and Spodek, B. (eds.), Understanding the Multicultural Experience in Early Childhood Education. National Association for the Education of Young Children, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondo, D. (1982). Work, Family and the Self: A Cultural Analysis of Japanese Family Enterprise. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University.

  • Larson, R., and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1983). The experience sampling method. In Fiske, D. W., and Reis, H. T. (ed.), Naturalistic approaches to studying social interaction (pp. 41–56). Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebra, T. S. (1976). Japanese Patterns of Behavior. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H. R., and Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Rev. 98: 224–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mordkowitz, E. R., and Ginsburg, H. P. (1987). Early academic socialization of successful Asian-American college students. The Quarterly Newsletter of the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition, 9: 285–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. (1952). The superego and the theory of social systems. Psychiatry, 15, 15–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M. (1991). The nature of the self in autonomy and relatedness. In Strauss, J., and Goethals, G. R. (eds.), The Self: Interdisciplinary Approaches (pp. 208–238). Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M., and Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. J. Personal. Social Psychol. 57: 749–761.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., and Grolnick, W. S. (1992). When achievement is not intrinsically motivated: A theory and assessment of self-regulation in school. In Boggiano, A. K., and Pittman, T. S. (ed.), Achievement and Motivation: A Social-Developmental Perspective (pp. 167–188). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M., and Powelson, C. L. (1991). Autonomy and relatedness as fundamental to motivation and education. J. Experimental Educ. 60: 49–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A., and Bourne, E. J. (1984). Does the concept of the person vary cross-culturally? In Shweder, R. A., and LeVine, R. A. (ed.), Culture Theory: Essays on Mind, Self, and Emotion (pp. 158–199). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sue, S., and Kitano, H. (1973). Stereotypes as a measure of success. J. Soc. Issues. 29: 83–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sue, S., and Okazaki, S. (1990). Asian-American educational achievements: A phenomenon in search of an explanation. Am. Psychologist, 45: 913–920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, P. E. (1982). The Abilities and Achievements of Orientals in North America. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Asakawa, K., Csikszentmihalyi, M. Feelings of Connectedness and Internalization of Values in Asian American Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 29, 121–145 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005146914355

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005146914355

Keywords

Navigation