Skip to main content
Log in

Customisation and Context for Expressive Behaviour in the Broadband World

  • Published:
BT Technology Journal

Abstract

The introduction of consumer broadband makes it possible to have an emotionally much richer experience of the Internet. One way of achieving this is the use of animated characters endowed with emotionally expressive behaviour. This paper describes Demeanour, a framework for generating expressive behaviour, developed collaboratively by University College London and BT. The focus of this paper will be on two important aspects — the customisation of expressive behaviour and how expressive behaviour can be made context dependent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mortlock A, Machin D, McConnell S and Sheppard P: 'Virtual conferencing', BT Technol J, 14, No 4, pp 120-129 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cheng L, Stone L, Farnhamand S, Clark A N and Zaner M: 'Hutchworld: lessons learned a collaborative project', Fred Hutchinson cancer research center and Microsoft research, in Heudin J C (Ed): 'Virtual worlds', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Springer (2000).

  3. Marsella S C, Johnson W L and LaBore C: 'Interactive pedagogical drama', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp 301-308 (2000).

  4. Cheng L, Farnham S and Stone L: 'Lessons learned: building and deploying virtual environments: The Social Life of Avatars, Presence and Interaction', in Schroeder R (Ed): 'Shared virtual worlds', Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Springer (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Blumberg B and Galyean T: 'Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments', ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 47-54 (1995).

  6. Badler N, Philips C and Webber B (Eds): 'Simulating humans: computer graphics, animation and control', Oxford University Press (1993).

  7. Tu X and Terzopoulos D: 'Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior', ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 43-49 (1994).

  8. Perlin K and Goldberg A: 'Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds', Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96 (New Orleans, Louisiana), Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM SIGGRAPH/Addison Wesley, pp 205-216 (August 1996).

  9. Rickel J and Johnson W L: 'Animated agents for procedural training in virtual reality: Perception, cognition, and motor control', Applied Artificial Intelligence, 13, pp 343-382 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Pelachaud C and Poggi I: 'Subtleties of facial expressions in embodied agents', Journal of Visualisation and Computer Animation, 13, pp 287-300 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cassell J, Bickmore T, Campbell L, Chang K, Vilhj´almsson H and Yan H: 'Embodiment in conversational interfaces: Rea', ACM SIGCHI, ACM Press, pp 520-527 (1999).

  12. Gillies M and Dodgson N: 'Eye movements and attention for behavioural animation', Journal of Visualisation and Computer Animation, 13, pp 287-300 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chi D, Costa M, Zhao L and Badler N: 'The emote model for effort and shape', ACM SIGGRAPH, ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co, pp 173-182 (2000).

  14. Cassell J, Nakano Y, Bickmore T, Sidner C and Rich C: 'Non-verbal cues for discourse structure', 41st Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics (Toulouse, France), pp 106-115 (2001).

  15. Bécheiraz P and Thalmann D: 'A model of nonverbal communication and interpersonal relationship between virtual actors', Proceedings of the Computer Animation '96, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 58-67 (June 1996).

  16. Maya V, Lamolle M and Pelachaud C: 'Influences on embodied conversational agent's expressivity', AISB workshop on Language, Speech and Gesture for Expressive Characters (University of Leeds) (Olivier P, Aylett R and Cavazza M, Eds), pp 75-85 (March 2004).

  17. Soltysiak S J and Crabtree I B: 'Automatic learning of user profiles-towards personalisation of agent services, BT Technol J, 16, No 3, pp 110-117 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gillies M, Crabtree B and Ballin D: 'Expressive characters and a text chat interface', AISB workshop on Language, Speech and Gesture for Expressive Characters (University of Leeds) (Olivier P and Aylett R, Eds) (March 2004).

  19. Argyle M: 'Bodily communication', Routledge (1975).

  20. Gillies M and Ballin D: 'A model of interpersonal attitude and posture generation', Fourth Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents (Kloster Irsee, Germany) (Rist T, Aylett R, Ballin D and Rickel J, Eds) (September 2003).

  21. Coulson M: 'Expressing emotion through body movement: a component based approach', AISB workshop on Animating Expressive Characters for Social Interactions (Imperial College London) (Aylett R and Cañamero L, Eds) (April 2002).

  22. Cassell J, Vilhjálmsson H H and Bickmore T: 'BEAT: the behavior expression animation toolkit', ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 477-486 (2001).

  23. Mehrabian A (Ed): 'Nonverbal communication', Aldine-Atherton (1972).

  24. Argyle M and Cook M: 'Gaze and mutual gaze', Cambridge University Press (1976).

  25. Chopra-Khullar S and Badler N: 'Where to look? automating visual attending behaviors of virtual human characters', Autonomous Agents Conference (1999).

  26. Garau M, Slater M, Bee S and Sasse M A: 'The impact of eye gaze on communication using humanoid avatars', ACM SIGCHI, pp 309-316 (2001).

  27. Colburn A, Cohen M and Drucker S: 'The role of eye gaze in avatar mediated conversational interfaces', Tech report, Microsoft Research (2000).

  28. Vilhjálmsson H H and Cassell J: 'Bodychat: autonomous communicative behaviors in avatars', Second ACM International Conference on Autonomous Agents (1998).

  29. Thórisson K: 'Real-time decision making in multimodal face-to-face communication', Second ACM International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp 16-23 (1998).

  30. MacNamee B, Dobbyn S, Cunningham P and O'Sullivan C: 'Men behaving appropriately: Integrating the role passing technique into the aloha system', AISB workshop on Animating Expressive Characters for Social Interactions (Imperial College London) (Aylett R and Cañamero L, Eds) (April 2002).

  31. Goffman E: 'The presentation of self in everyday life', Pelican (1972).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

About this article

Cite this article

Gillies, M., Crabtree, I.B. & Ballin, D. Customisation and Context for Expressive Behaviour in the Broadband World. BT Technology Journal 22, 7–17 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BTTJ.0000033466.91160.eb

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BTTJ.0000033466.91160.eb

Keywords

Navigation