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Mechanism of Binding and Internalization of ICAM-1-Derived Cyclic Peptides by LFA-1 on the Surface of T Cells: A Potential Method for Targeted Drug Delivery

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Abstract

Purpose. Peptides derived from the Domain 1 of the adhesion molecule ICAM-11-21 are being developed as targeting ligands for LFA-1 receptors expressed on activated T cells. This work aims to elucidate the binding and internalization of ICAM-1-derived cyclic peptides (cIBL, cIBC, and cIBR) to LFA-1.

Methods. Ninety-six-well plates coated with soluble LFA-1 (sLFA-1) were used to characterize the binding of FITC-labeled peptide. An anti-CD11a antibody to the I-domain of LFA-1 was used to inhibit the binding of these peptides, which was quantified using a fluorescence plate reader. An unrelated FITC-labeled cyclic peptide was used as a negative control, and PE-labeled anti-CD11a antibodies (PE-R3.2 and PE-R7.1) were used as positive controls. Peptide binding to cell surface LFA-1 was visualized using colocalization of FITC-cIBR peptide and PE-labeled anti-CD18 antibody (LFA-1 β-subunit) on SKW-3 T cells by fluorescent microscopy. Inhibition of ICAM-1 binding to LFA-1 by peptides was evaluated using a Biacore assay. Binding and internalization of FITC-labeled peptides were evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy at 4°C and 37°C.

Results. These FITC-labeled cyclic peptides bind to sLFA-1 and can be blocked by an anti-CD11a antibody to the I-domain, suggesting that their binding site is on the I-domain of LFA-1. The FITC-cIBR peptide was localized with an anti-CD18 antibody on the surface of T cells, indicating that the FITC-cIBR peptide binds to LFA-1 on the cell surface. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated that FITC-labeled peptides were internalized in a temperature-dependent manner. Biacore analysis demonstrated that these peptides did not inhibit sICAM-1 from binding to immobilized sLFA-1. However, the binding properties of the soluble forms of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 may not correlate to their interaction at the cell surface.

Conclusions. Cyclic ICAM-1-derived peptides (cIBL, cIBC, and cIBR) bind to the I-domain of LFA-1 and are internalized by LFA-1 receptors on the surface of T cells. Therefore, these peptides could be used to target and deliver drugs to the cytoplasmic domain of T cells.

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Anderson, M.E., Siahaan, T.J. Mechanism of Binding and Internalization of ICAM-1-Derived Cyclic Peptides by LFA-1 on the Surface of T Cells: A Potential Method for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 20, 1523–1532 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026188212126

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