Skip to main content
Log in

Endangered Forest, Endangered People: Environmentalist Representations of Indigenous Knowledge

  • Published:
Human Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Since 1987, Penan foragers in Malaysia have been increasingly affected by the activities of logging companies, and have protested this with blockades. Simultaneously, they have become the focus of a broad-based international environmental campaign. This paper examines the rhetoric of that campaign. In particular, I examine the ways in which Western environmentalists have constructed Penan land rights with reference to Penan knowledge of the landscape and of the biotic elements which exist there. Further, I consider how environmentalists have drawn on ethnographic accounts, and how those accounts are transformed in the process of generating images deployed in the campaign.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Arnold, G. (1958). Nomadic Penan of the upper Rejang (Plieran), Sarawak. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 31, Pt. 1 (181): 40–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ausable, K. (1994). Seeds of Change: The Living Treasure. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barreiro, J. (1991). Indigenous peoples are the “miners canary” of the human family. In Willers, B. (ed.), Learning to Listen to the Land. Island Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 199–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth, W. (1988). Voodoo science. Science 240(4850): 274–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosius, J. P. (1986). River, forest and mountain: The Penan Gang landscape. Sarawak Museum Journal 36(57, New Series): 173–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosius, J. P. (1988). A separate reality: Comments on Hoffman's The Punan: Hunters and Gatherers of Borneo. Borneo Research Bulletin 20(2): 81–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosius, J. P. (1990). Penan hunter-gatherers of Sarawak, East Malaysia. AnthroQuest 42: 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosius, J. P. (1991a). Foraging in tropical rainforests: The case of the Penan of Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). Human Ecology 19(2): 123–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosius, J. P. (1991b). Thrice told tales: A review of The Nightbird Sings: Chants and Songs of Sarawak Dayaks. Borneo Research Bulletin 22(2): 241–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosius, J. P. (1992). The Axiological Presence of Death: Penan Geng Death-Names. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan.

  • Brosius, J. P. (1993a). Contrasting subsistence ecologies of Eastern and Western Penan foragers (Sarawak, East Malaysia). In Hladik, C. M., et al. (eds.), Food and Nutrition in the Tropical Forest: Biocultural Interactions and Applications to Development. UNESCO—Parthenon Man and the Biosphere Series, Paris, pp. 515–522.

  • Brosius, J. P. (1993b). Penan of Sarawak. In Miller, M. S. (ed.), State of the Peoples: A Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. Beacon Press (for Cultural Survival, Inc.), Boston, pp. 142–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosius, J. P. (1995). Signifying bereavement: form and context in the analysis of Penan death-names. Oceania 66(2): 119–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosius, J. P. (1995–96). Father dead, mother dead: Bereavement and fictive death in Penan Geng society. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying 32(3): 197–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, S. (1993). Indigenous knowledge of biological resources and intellectual property rights: The role of anthropology. American Anthropologist 95(3): 653–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, S. (1996). Whose knowledge, whose genes, whose rights? In Brush, S., and Stabinsky, D. (eds.), Valuing Local Knowledge: Indigenous People and Intellectual Property Rights. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, S., and Stabinsky, D. (eds.) (1996). Valuing Local Knowledge: Indigenous People and Intellectual Property Rights. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burger, J. (1990). The Gaia Atlas of First Peoples: A Future for the Indigenous World. Anchor Books (Doubleday), New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W. (1985). The Serpent and the Rainbow. Simon and Schuster, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W. (1990). A way to stay. In Davis, W., and Henley, T. (eds.), Penan: Voice for the Borneo Rainforest. Western Canada Wilderness Committee, Vancouver, pp. 97–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W. (1992). Shadows in the Sun: Essays on the Spirit of Place. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W. (1993). Death of a people: Logging in the Penan homeland. In: Miller, M. (ed.), State of the Peoples: A Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. Beacon Press (for Cultural Survival, Inc.), Boston, pp. 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W., and Henley, T. (1990a). Beyond the images. In Davis, W., and Henley, T. (eds.), Penan: Voice for the Borneo Rainforest. Western Canada Wilderness Committee, Vancouver, pp. 103–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W., and Henley, T. (eds.) (1990b). Penan: Voice for the Borneo Rainforest. Western Canada Wilderness Committee, Vancouver.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W., Mackenzie, I., and Kennedy, S. (1995). Nomads of the Dawn: The Penan of the Borneo Rain Forest. Pomegranate Artbooks, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durning, A. (1992). Guardians of the Land: Indigenous Peoples and the Health of the Earth. Worldwatch Paper 112, Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, R. B. (1952). The Pinatubo Negritos: Their useful plants and material culture. Philippine Journal of Science 81(3–4): 173–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, A. (1991a). Between the Spice of Life and the Melting Pot: Biodiversity Conservation and Its Impact on Indigenous Peoples. IWGIA Document 70, Copenhagen.

  • Gray, A. (1991b). The impact of biodiversity conservation on indigenous peoples. In Shiva, V., et al., (eds.), Biodiversity: Social and Ecological Perspectives. World Rainforest Movement, Penang, pp. 59–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1949). Notes on some nomadic Punans. Sarawak Museum Journal 5(1, New Series): 130–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henley, T. (1990). Encountering Dawat. In Davis, W., and Henley, T. (eds.), Penan: Voice for the Borneo Rainforest. Western Canada Wilderness Committee, Vancouver, pp. 93–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huehne, W. H. (1959). A doctor among “nomadic” Punans. Sarawak Museum Journal 9(13–14, New Series): 195–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (1993–1994). The Indigenous World, 1993–94. IWGIA, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedit, P. M. (1978). Gunong Mulu Report: A Human-ecological Survey of Nomadic/Settled Penan within the Gunong Mulu National Park Area, Fourth/Fifth Division, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Field Report Series No. 1, Sarawak Museum, Kuching.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedit, P. M. (1982). An ecological survey of the Penan. Sarawak Museum Journal (Special Issue No. 2), 30(51, New Series): 225–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemf, E. (ed.) (1993). Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas: The Law of Mother Earth. Earthscan Publications, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaDuke, W. (1994). Traditional ecological knowledge and environmental futures. In Endangered Peoples: Indigenous Rights and the Environment. Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy. University Press of Colorado, Niwot, CO, pp. 127–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langub, J. (1972a). Adaptation to a settled life by the Punans of the Belaga Subdistrict. Sarawak Gazette 98(1371): 83–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langub, J. (1972b). Structure and progress in the Punan community of Belaga Subdistrict. Sarawak Gazette 98(1378): 219–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langub, J. (1974). Background report on potential for agricultural and social extension service in the Penan community of Belaga District. Sarawak Gazette 100(1395): 93–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langub, J. (1975). Distribution of Penan and Punan in the Belaga District. Borneo Research Bulletin 7(2): 45–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langub, J. (1984). Tamu: Barter trade between Penan and their neighbors. Sarawak Gazette 110(1485): 11–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langub, J. (1988). The Penan Strategy. In Denslow, J., and Padoch, C. People of the Tropical Rain Forest. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 207–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langub, J. (1989). Some aspects of life of the Penan. Sarawak Museum Journal, (Special Issue No. 4), Part III, 40(61, New Series): 169–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langub, J. (1990). A journey through the nomadic Penan country. Sarawak Gazette 117(1514): 5–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linden, E. Lost tribes, lost knowledge. Time, September 23, Vol. 138(12): 46–56.

  • Maybury-Lewis, D. (1992). Millennium: Tribal Wisdom and the Modern World. Viking Penguin, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needham, R. (1954a). A Penan mourning usage. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde 110: 263–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needham, R. (1954b). Penan and Punan. Journal of the Malayan Branch, Royal Asiatic Society 27(1): 73–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needham, R. (1954c). Reference to the dead among the Penan. Man 54: 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needham, R. (1954d). The system of teknonyms and death-names of the Penan. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10: 416–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needham, R. (1965). Death-names and solidarity in Penan society. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde 121: 58–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needham, R. (1972). Punan-Penan. In Lebar, F. M. (ed.), Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia, Vol. 1: Indonesia, Andaman Islands, and Madagascar. Human Relations Area Files Press, New Haven, pp. 176–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaisen, J. (1976a). The Penan of Sarawak: Further notes on the neo-evolutionary concept of hunters. Folk 18: 205–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaisen, J. (1976b). The Penan of the Seventh Division of Sarawak: Past, present and future. Sarawak Museum Journal 24(45, New Series): 35–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaisen, J. (1978). Penan death-names. Sarawak Museum Journal 26(47, New Series): 29–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, D. (1990). Foreword. In Davis, W., and Henley, T. (eds.), Penan: Voice for the Borneo Rainforest. Western Canada Wilderness Committee, Vancouver, pp. 7–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, D., and Knudtson, P. (1992). Wisdom of the Elders: Sacred Native Stories of Nature. Bantam Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, K. I. (1990). Why supernatural eels matter. In Head, S., and Heinzman, R. (eds.), Lessons of the Rainforest. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, pp. 184–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsing, A. (1995). The Southern Question: Agrarian Allegory and Global Futures. Unpublished paper delivered at conference on Environmental Discourses and Human Welfare in South and Southeast Asia, Hilo, Hawaii, Dec. 28–30.

  • Urquhart, I. A. N. (1951). Some notes on jungle Punans in Kapit District. Sarawak Museum Journal 5(13, New Series): 495–533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urquhart, I. A. N. (1957). Some Kenyah/Pennan relationships. Sarawak Museum Journal 8(10, New Series): 113–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urquhart, I. A. N. (1959). Nomadic Punans and Pennans. In Harrisson, T. (ed.), The Peoples of Sarawak. Sarawak Museum, Kuching, pp. 73–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasumoto, T., and Kao, C. Y. (1986). Tetrodotoxin and the Haitian zombie. Toxicon 24(8): 747.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brosius, J.P. Endangered Forest, Endangered People: Environmentalist Representations of Indigenous Knowledge. Human Ecology 25, 47–69 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021983819369

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021983819369

Navigation