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Changes in microbial activity and composition in a pasture ecosystem exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

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Abstract

Elevated atmospheric CO2 increases aboveground plant growth and productivity. However, carbon dioxide-induced alterations in plant growth are also likely to affect belowground processes, including the composition of soil biota. We investigated the influence of increased atmospheric CO2on bacterial numbers and activity, and on soil microbial community composition in a pasture ecosystem under Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE). Composition of the soil microbial communities, in rhizosphere and bulk soil, under two atmospheric CO2 levels was evaluated by using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), and total and respiring bacteria counts were determined by epifluorescence microscopy. While populations increased with elevated atmospheric CO2 in bulk soil of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), a higher atmospheric CO2 concentration did not affect total or metabolically active bacteria in bulk soil of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). There was no effect of atmospheric CO2 on total bacteria populations per gram of rhizosphere soil. The combined effect of elevated CO2 on total root length of each species and the bacterial population in these rhizospheres, however, resulted in an 85% increase in total rhizosphere bacteria and a 170% increase in respiring rhizosphere bacteria for the two plant species, when assessed on a per unit land area basis. Differences in microbial community composition between rhizosphere and bulk soil were evident in samples from white clover, and these communities changed in response to CO2 enrichment. Results of this study indicate that changes in soil microbial activity, numbers, and community composition are likely to occur under elevated atmospheric CO2, but the extent of those changes depend on plant species and the distance that microbes are from the immediate vicinity of the plant root surface.

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Author notes

  1. Constanza M. Montealegre

    Present address: Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, 4502 Avenue I, Scottsbluff, NE, 69361, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil, Water, USA

    Constanza M. Montealegre & Michael J. Sadowsky

  2. USA

    Constanza M. Montealegre & Michael J. Sadowsky

  3. Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616

    Chris van Kessel

  4. USDA-ARS, US Dairy Forage Research Center (Minnesota Cluster), St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA

    Michael P. Russelle

  5. BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA

    Michael J. Sadowsky

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  1. Constanza M. Montealegre
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  4. Michael J. Sadowsky
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Montealegre, C.M., van Kessel, C., Russelle, M.P. et al. Changes in microbial activity and composition in a pasture ecosystem exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Plant and Soil 243, 197–207 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019901828483

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