Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On the thermal resistance of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Thermal properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are studied using their comprehensive, three-dimensional, self-consistent, thermal-electrical simulation. The thermal resistance versus operation current relation is found to be completely different for two basic VCSEL configurations, i.e. for proton-implanted top-surface-emitting lasers (top-emitting VCSELs) and etched-well lasers (bottom-emitting VCSELs). The above fact is explained using a concept of the average centre of heat generation within a laser volume and its shift with an increase in an operation current.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. OsiŃ ski and W. Nakwaski, Int. J. High Speed Electron. Systems 5 (1994) 667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. W. Nakwaski, Opt. Quantum Electron. 28 (1996) 335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. K. Iga, F. Koyama and S. Kinoshita, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24 (1988) 1845.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. C. WÜthrich, J. H. James, J. D. GaniÈre and F. K. Reinhart, Electron. Lett. 26 (1990) 1600.

    Google Scholar 

  5. G. Hasnain, K. Tai, L. Yang, Y. H. Wang, R. J. Fischer, J. D. Wynn, B. Weir, N. K. Dutta and A. Y. Cho, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27 (1991) 1377.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. K. D. Choquette, G. Hasnain, Y. H. Wang, J. D. Wynn, R. S. Freud, A. Y. Cho and R. E. Leibenguth, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 3 (1991) 859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. L. A. Coldren, R. S. Geels, S. W. Corzine and J. W. Scott, Opt. Quantum Electron. 24 (1992) S105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. C. C. Wu, K. Tai and K. F. Huang, Electron. Lett. 29 (1993) 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. J. Dudley, D. I. Babic, R. Mirin, L. Yang, B. I. Miller, R. J. Ram, T. Reynolds, E. L. Hu and J. E. Bowers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (1994) 1463.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Chen, M. A. Hadley and J. S. Smith, J. Appl. Phys. 76 (1994) 3261.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. B. Lu, P. Zhou, J. Cheng, K. J. Malloy and J. C. Zolper, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 (1994) 1337.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. T. Wipiejewski, D. B. Young, M. G. Peters, B. J. Thibault and L. A. Coldren, Electron. Lett. 31 (1995) 279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Mukaihara, Y. Hayashi, N. Hatori, N. Ohnoki, A. Matsutani, F. Koyama and K. Iga, Electron. Lett. 31 (1995) 647.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Ohiso, K. Tateno, Y. Kohama, A. Wakatsuki, H. Tsunetsugu and T. Kurokawa, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8 (1996) 1115.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. L. Huffaker and D. G. Deppe, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8 (1996) 858.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. G. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. 77 (1995) 4251.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. P. Zhou, J. Cheng, C. F. Schaus, S. Z. Sun, K. Zheng, E. Armour, C. Hains, W. Hsin, D. R. Myers and G. A. Vawter, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 3 (1991) 591.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. F. Koyama, S. Kinoshita and K. Iga, Appl. Phys. Lett. 55 (1989) 221.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Uchiyama and S. Kashiwa, Electron. Lett. 31 (1995) 1449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Uchiyama, N. Yokouchi and T. Ninomiya, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9 (1997) 141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R. P. Schneider, Jr. and M. Hagerott-Crawford, Electron. Lett. 31 (1995) 554.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. G. Reiner, E. Zeeb, B. Moèller, M. Ries and K. J. Ebeling, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 7 (1995) 730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Y. M. Cheng, R. W. Herrick, P. M. Petroff, M. K. Hibbs-Brenner and R. A. Morgan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 (1995) 1648.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. D. Wiedenmann, B. Moeller, R. Michalzik and K. J. Ebeling, Electron. Lett. 32 (1996) 342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. G. G. Ortiz, C. P. Hains, J. Cheng, H. Q. Hou and J. C. Zolper, Electron. Lett. 32 (1996) 1205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. W. Jiang, C. Gaw, P. Kiely, B. Lawrence, M. Lebby and P. R. Claisse, Electron Lett. 33 (1997) 137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M. OsiŃski and W. Nakwaski, IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electron. 1 (1995) 681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30, No. 4A (1991) L596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 4 (1991) 541.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 3 (1991) 979.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. W. Nakwaski, Appl. Phys. A 61 (1995) 123.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. J. V. Beck, K. D. Cole, A. Haji-sheikh and B. Litkouchi, Heat Conduction Using Green's Functions (Hemisphere, London, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  33. H. S. Carslaw and J. C. Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, Proc. SPIE 2146 (1994) 365.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27 (1991) 1391.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29 (1993) 1981.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. W. B. Joyce and R. W. Dixon, J. Appl. Phys. 46 (1975) 855.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. J. S. Manning, J. Appl. Phys. 52 (1981) 3179.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, Electron. Lett. 28 (1992) 572, and Erratum 28 (1992) 1283.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, Proc. SPIE 1582 (1991) 227.

    Google Scholar 

  41. R. P. Sarzaa, W. Nakwaski and M. OsiŃski, Int. J. Optoelectron. 10 (1995) 357.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics, Technical University of Ło´dz´, ul. Wo´lczan´ska 219, 93-005, Ło´dz´, Poland

    W. Nakwaski

  2. Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-6081, USA

    M. OSIN´SKI

Authors
  1. W. Nakwaski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. OSIN´SKI
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nakwaski, W., OSIN´SKI, M. On the thermal resistance of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Optical and Quantum Electronics 29, 883–892 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018525616214

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018525616214

Keywords

Search

Navigation