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A ∼6100 14C yr record of El Niño activity from the Galápagos Islands

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Abstract

Lithostratigrahic and mineralogic analyses of sediments from hypersaline Bainbridge Crater Lake, Galápagos Islands, provide evidence of past El Niño frequency and intensity. Laminated sediments indicate that at least 435 moderate to very strong El Niño events have occurred since 6100 14C yr BP (∼7130 cal yr BP), and that frequency and intensity of events increased at about 3000 14C yr BP (∼3100 cal yr BP). El Niño activity was present between 6100 and 4000 14C yr BP (∼4600 cal yr BP) but infrequent. The Bainbridge record indicates that there has been considerable millennial-scale variability in El Niño since the mid-Holocene.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biolog, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, 60625-4699, USA

    Melanie A. Riedinger

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, 41099-0400, USA

    Miriam Steinitz-Kannan

  3. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada

    William M. Last

  4. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-2120, USA

    Mark Brenner

Authors
  1. Melanie A. Riedinger
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  2. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan
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  3. William M. Last
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  4. Mark Brenner
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Riedinger, M.A., Steinitz-Kannan, M., Last, W.M. et al. A ∼6100 14C yr record of El Niño activity from the Galápagos Islands. Journal of Paleolimnology 27, 1–7 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013514408468

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