Abstract
Local similarity of non-dimensional velocity and temperaturestandard deviations, σ\(\sigma _i /u_{*l} {\text{ (}}i = u,v,w{\text{)}}\) andσ T /T *l , wind and temperature gradientsφm and φh as well as the velocity spectrum is examinedusing turbulence observations on meteorological towers in Nanjing cityand in its suburb (here subscript ι denotes a local value).The empirical constants of similarity functions, whichare dependent on z/L ι, are obtained under stable and unstableconditions. Turbulence behaviours at the two sites are compared. Theresults show that the turbulence structure in the tower layer of theatmosphere over either suburb or city could be ordered well by localsimilarity scales u *ι , T *ι , L ι . The similarityrelations of σ T /T *ι , φm and φh toz/L ι are not sensitive to the underlying surface roughness.However, there are evident differences in the dimensionless velocitystandard deviations, and velocity spectra over the urban and the rural surfaces.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beljaars, A. C. M., Schotanus, P., and Nieuwstadt, F. T. M.: 1983, 'Surface Layer Similarity Under Nonuniform Fetch Conditions', J. Appl. Meteorol. 22, 1800–1810.
Bowen, A. J. and Teunissen, H. W.: 1986, 'Correction Factors for the Directional Response of Gill Propeller Anemometers', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 37, 407–413.
Businger, J. A., Wyngaard, J. C., Izumi, Y., and Bradley, E. F.: 1971, 'Flux-Profile Relationships in the Atmospheric Surface Layer', J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 181–189.
Dyer, A. J. and Hicks, B. B.: 1970, 'Flux-Gradient Relationships in the Constant Flux Layer', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 96, 715–721.
Dyer, A. J.: 1974, 'A Review of Flux-profile Relationships', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 7, 363–372.
Frish, U.: 1978, 'A Simple Dynamical Model of Intermittent Fully Developed Turbulence', J. Fluid. Mech. 87, 719–736.
Godowitch, J. M.: 1986, 'Characteristics of Vertical Turbulent Velocities in the Urban Convective Boundary Layer', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 35, 387–407.
He Yinqiao and Zhang Qiang: 1993, 'On Local Similarity of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer', Scientia Atmospherica Sinica. 17, 10–20.
Joffre, S. M. and Laurila, T.: 1988, 'Standard Deviations of Wind Speed and Direction from Obser-vations Over a Smooth Surface', J. Appl. Meteorol. 27, 550–561.
Kaimal, J. C., Wyngaard, J. C., Izumi, Y., and Cote, O. R.: 1972, 'Spectral Characteristics of Surface-Layer Turbulence', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 98, 563–589.
Kaimal, J. C.: 1978, 'Horizontal Velocity Spectra in an Unstable Surface Layer', J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 18–24.
Lettau, H.: 1969, 'Note onAerodynamicRoughness-Parameter Estimation on theBasis ofRoughness-Element Description', J. Appl. Meteorol. 8, 828–832.
Li Zhenhua, Zhou Chaofu, Zhu Ming, and Wu Jianxin: 1987, 'A Data Collecting and Processing System for UVW Anemometer', Scientia Meteorol. Sinica. 4, 109–116.
Liu Shida, Pan Naixian, Chen Jiayi, and Zheng Zuguang: 1988, 'The Interaction between Internal Wave and Turbulence', Scientia Atmospherica Sinica. 12, 1–7.
Liu Shida: 1990, 'Some Problems on Atmospheric Turbulence', Acta.Meteorol. Sinica. 48, 117–120.
Nieuwstadt, F. T. M.: 1984, 'The Turbulent Structure of the Stable Nocturnal Boundary Layer', J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 2202–2216.
Panofsky, H. A., Tennekes, H., Lenschow, D. H., and Wyngaard, J. C.: 1977, 'The Characteristics of Turbulent Velocity Components in the Surface Layer Under Convective Conditions', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 11, 355–361.
Panofsky, H. A. and Dutton, J. A.: 1984, Atmospheric Turbulence: Models and Methods for Engi-neering Applications.Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 397pp.
Rotach, M.W.: 1993, 'Turbulence Close to a Rough Urban Surface Part II: Variances and Gradients', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 66, 75–92.
Roth, M. and Oke, T. R.: 1993, 'Turbulent Transfer Relationships Over an Urban Surface. I: Spectral Characteristics', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 119, 1071–1104.
Shao Yaping and Hacker, J. M.: 1990, 'Local Similarity Relationships in a Horizontally Inhomog-eneous Boundary Layer', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 52, 17–40.
Sorbjan, Z.: 1986, 'On Similarity in the Atmospheric Boundary layer', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 34, 377–397.
Teunissen, H. W.: 1980, 'Structure of Mean Winds and Turbulence in the Planetary Boundary Layer over Rural Terrain', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 19, 187–221.
Wang Lizhi, Zhang Xiaoping, Wang Xiaoxi, Li Dexin, and Zhang Yue: 1985, 'A Preliminary Study of the Turbulent Characteristics in a Suburban Atmospheric Surface Layer', Scientia Atmospherica Sinica 9, 11–18.
Wyngaard, J. C., Cote, O. R., and Izumi,Y.: 1971, 'Local Free Convection, Similarity, and the Budgets of Shear Stress and Heat Flux', J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 1171–1182.
Xu Yumao, Zhou Chaofu, Li Zhenhua and Li Zongkai: 1993, 'Microstructure and Spectral Characteristics of Turbulence in the Surface Layer Atmosphere over Guanzhou', Scientia Atmospherica Sinica. 17, 338–348.
Yao Zhengquan and Li Zhibian: 1992, 'The Characteristics of Turbulence and Dispersion in Surface Layer of Coastal Region', J. Hydrodynamics (Ser. B). 3, 67–78.
Yao Zhengquan, Jiang Yanxia, Li Zhibian, Hao Tianming and Guo Qingyun: 1992, 'A Study of Atmospheric Diffusion Pattern in Coastal Region', Appraisal Conference Report (Chapter 4), Research Institute of Environmental Protection for Electric Power, Nanjing, China.
Zhang Aichen, Lu Jie, Zhang Bing and Liu Shuhua: 1991, 'The Turbulence Characteristics in the Boundary Layer of the Rural Area and Border of Urban Area of Beijing', Scientia Atmospherica Sinica. 15, 87–96.
Zheng Zuguang, Liu Shida and Liu Yuexing: 1990, 'Nonlinear Mechanism of Occurrence of the Atmospheric Turbulence', Science in China (Ser. B). 33, 993–1001.
Zheng Zuguang, Liu Shida and ZhangHongjian: 1988, 'An Investigation of the Problem of Occurrence of the Atmospheric Turbulence', Science in China (Ser. B). 31, 760–768.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
YUMAO, X., CHAOFU, Z., ZHONGKAI, L. et al. TURBULENT STRUCTURE AND LOCAL SIMILARITY IN THE TOWER LAYER OVER THE NANJING AREA. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 82, 1–21 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1000111431036
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1000111431036