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Genetic structure and mating type analysis of the Pyricularia oryzae population causing widespread epidemics in southern Brazil

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Abstract

Blast is a major disease of rice in Brazil, the largest rice-producing country outside Asia. This study aimed to assess the genetic structure and mating-type frequency in a contemporary Pyricularia oryzae population, which caused widespread epidemics during the 2012/13 season in the Brazilian lowland subtropical region. Symptomatic leaves and panicles were sampled at flooded rice fields in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, 34 fields) and Santa Catarina (SC, 21 fields). The polymorphism at ten simple sequence repeats (SSR or microsatellite) loci and the presence of MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorphs were assessed in a population comprised of 187 isolates. Only the MAT1-2 idiomorph was found and 162 genotypes were identified by the SSR analysis. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of SSR data resolved four genetic groups, which were strongly associated with the cultivar of origin of the isolates. There was high level of genotypic diversity and moderate level of gene diversity regardless whether isolates were grouped in subpopulations based on geographic region, cultivar host or cultivar within region. While regional subpopulations were weakly differentiated, high genetic differentiation was found among subpopulations comprised of isolates from different cultivars. The data suggest that the rice blast pathogen population in southern Brazil is comprised of clonal lineages that are adapting to specific cultivar hosts. Farmers should avoid the use of susceptible cultivars over large areas and breeders should focus at enlarging the genetic basis of new cultivars.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for a research grant (Edital Universal 14/2012 - 478476/2012-4), a graduate scholarship to the first author, and a research fellowship to the senior author. The authors are indebted to Dr. Gustavo Funck (IRGA) and Dr. Cley Donizete Nunes (Embrapa Clima Temperado) for the support during planning of field collections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Leilane S. D’Ávila & Emerson M. Del Ponte

  2. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil

    Miller S. Lehner & Emerson M. Del Ponte

  3. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil

    Maria Cristina C. Filippi

  4. Estação Experimental de Itajaí, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Itajaí, SC, Brazil

    Klaus K. Scheuermann

Authors
  1. Leilane S. D’Ávila
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  2. Miller S. Lehner
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  3. Maria Cristina C. Filippi
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  4. Klaus K. Scheuermann
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  5. Emerson M. Del Ponte
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Correspondence to Emerson M. Del Ponte.

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Section Editor: Elaine A. de Souza

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D’Ávila, L.S., Lehner, M.S., Filippi, M.C.C. et al. Genetic structure and mating type analysis of the Pyricularia oryzae population causing widespread epidemics in southern Brazil. Trop. plant pathol. 41, 297–305 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-016-0101-9

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