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High-Frequency Modulated Signals Recorded Off the Antarctic Peninsula Area: Are Killer Whales Emitting Them?

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Abstract

High-frequency modulated signals with a stereotyped down-swept contour were recorded in the northwestern Antarctic Peninsula using an autonomous recorder and a towed hydrophone array. Signals have a mean start frequency at 21.6 kHz, end frequency at 15.7 kHz, −10 dB bandwidth of 5.9 kHz, and duration of 65.2 ms. Bouts of signals were generally recorded with a median inter-signal interval of 2.1 s. HFM signals partially modulated in the non-ultrasonic range similar to the ones described in this paper have already been reported for killer whales in the North Pacific, Western South Atlantic and Western Australian coast. The HFM signals were recorded in the presence of other odontocete sounds such as whistles, echolocation clicks and burst-pulsed sounds. The similarities of these sounds with vocalizations described for killer whales in the Western Australian coast lead us to strongly believe that the described HFM signals were produced by Antarctic killer whales. This paper described for the first time HFM signals in Antarctica and discussed evidence suggesting that Antarctic type A killer whales are the most probable candidates to produce such signals. However, a visual confirmation is still needed and the function of the HFM signals remains unknown.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Ana Širović, Sean M. Wiggins, Ryan Griswold, and Joshua Jones for instrument development, preparation, and fieldwork. We also thank Marta Hevia, the Prefectura Naval Argentina, and the officers and crew of the vessel SB-15 “Tango” for their assistance with fieldwork. Funding for this project was provided by the University of California San Diego Academic Senate, the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundacion Cethus, and Whale and Dolphin Conservation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fundación Cethus, Gdor Luis Monteverde, 3695 (B1636AEM), Olivos, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. V. Reyes Reyes, M. L. Melcón & M. Iñíguez

  2. Whale and Dolphin Conservation, Brookfield House, 38St Paul Street, Chippenham, Wiltshire, SN151LJ, United Kingdom

    M. V. Reyes Reyes

  3. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive 0205, La Jolla, San Diego, California, 92093-0205, USA

    S. Baumann-Pickering, A. Simonis, J. Trickey & J. Hildebrand

  4. Whale and Dolphin Conservation, 7 Nelson Street, Plymouth, MA, 02360, USA

    M. Iñíguez

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  1. M. V. Reyes Reyes
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Reyes Reyes, M.V., Baumann-Pickering, S., Simonis, A. et al. High-Frequency Modulated Signals Recorded Off the Antarctic Peninsula Area: Are Killer Whales Emitting Them?. Acoust Aust 45, 253–260 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-017-0103-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-017-0103-x

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