Abstract
In recent decades, magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic materials has attracted extensive attention owing to the upcoming demands for new-generation multi-functional magnetoelectronic devices, such as transducer, sensor and so on. This gives people a strong push to explore the multiferroic materials with a reduced dimension and effective coupling between electric and magnetic orderings, especially at room temperature. Due to the weak magnetoelectric coupling strength in sing-phase multiferroic materials, scientists start to design nanocomposites and artificial nanostructures with strong coupling among order parameters (lattice, charge, spin and orbital). In this review, we will introduce recent major progresses of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic nanocomposites across their interfaces from the following four aspects: strain effect, charge transfer, magnetic exchange interaction and orbital hybridization, based on their coupling mechanisms. Through a full understanding of the above coupling among these orderings, it is possible to achieve the nanoscale modulation of magnetization (ferroelectric polarization) by external electric (magnetic) field. Apart from the magnetoelectric coupling, those artificially functional nanocomposites provide us a platform to explore and study the emerging physical phenomena so that we can design self-assembled nanostructures to tailor novel functionalities in future applications.
摘要
近几十年来, 人们对于下一代多功能磁电器件(例如换能器, 传感器等)的需求越来越高, 因此吸引了众多科学家探索与研究多铁性材料的磁电耦合效应, 在室温以及低维条件下寻求电与磁的强耦合. 由于单相多铁性材料的磁电耦合强度非常弱, 或者耦合温度远远低于室温, 科学家们开始设计和研究多铁性复合材料及其纳米结构. 本综述将从应力、 电荷转移、 磁交换作用以及轨道杂化四个方面介绍多铁性复合材料磁电效应的耦合机制. 通过充分了解这些序参量在磁电耦合效应中的作用, 我们能够成功实现纳米尺度下外电场(磁场)对磁性能(铁电性能)的调控. 除此以外, 这些人造多功能纳米复合材料也为设计自组装纳米结构和在将来实现多功能器件的应用提供了广阔的平台.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ohtomo A, Hwang HY. A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface. Nature, 2004, 427: 423–426
Seidel J, Martin LW, He Q, et al. Conduction at domain walls in oxide multiferroics. Nat Mater, 2009, 8: 229–234
Lebeugle D, Mougin A, Viret M, Colson D, Ranno L. Electric field switching of the magnetic anisotropy of a ferromagnetic layer exchange coupled to the multiferroic compound BiFeO3. Phys Rev Lett, 2009, 103: 257601
Chakhalian J, Freeland JW, Habermeier HU, et al. Orbital reconstruction and covalent bonding at an oxide interface. Science, 2007, 318: 1114–1117
Zhang JX, He Q, Trassin M, et al. Microscopic origin of the giant ferroelectric polarization in tetragonal-like BiFeO3. Phys Rev Lett, 2011, 107: 147602
Curie P. Sur la symétrie dans les phénomènes physiques, symétrie d’un champ électrique et d’un champ magnétique. J Physique, 1894, 3: 393
Debye P. Bemerkung zu einigen neuen versuchen über einen magneto-elektrischen richteffekt. Z Phys, 1926, 36: 300–301
Landau L, Lifshitz E. Electrodynamics of Continuous Media. Oxford: Pergamon press, 1960
Dzyaloshinskii IE. On the magneto-electrical effects in antiferromagnets. Zh Exp Teor Fiz, 1960, 37: 881–882
Astrov DN. The magnetoelectric effect in antiferromagnetics. Sov Phys JETP 1960, 11: 708–709
Zhao T, Scholl A, Zavaliche F, et al. Electrical control of antiferromagnetic domains inmultiferroic BiFeO3 films at room temperature. Nat Mater, 2006, 5: 823–829
Hill NA, Rabe KM. First-principles investigation of ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in bismuth manganite. Physical Review B, 1999, 59: 8759
Kimura T, Goto T, Shintani H, et al. Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization. Nature, 2003, 426: 55–58
Fiebig M, Lottermoser T, Fröhlich D, Goltsev AV, Pisarev RV. Observation of coupled magnetic and electric domains. Nature, 2002, 419: 818–820
Rivera JP. On definitions, units, measurements, tensor forms of the linear magnetoelectric effect and on a new dynamic method applied to Cr-Cl boracites. Ferroelectrics, 1994, 161: 165–180
Prashanthi K, Shaibani PM, Sohrabi A, Natarajan TS, Thundat T. Nanoscale magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic BiFeO3 nanowires. Phys Status Solidi RRL, 2012, 6: 244–246
Kimura T, Kawamoto S, Yamada I, et al. Magnetocapacitance effect in multiferroic BiMnO3. Phys Rev B, 2003, 67: 18041 (R)
Nan CW. Magnetoelectric effect in composites of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases. Phys Rev B, 1994, 50: 6082
Zheng H, Wang J, Lofland SE, et al. Multiferroic BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures. Science, 2004, 303: 661–663
von Hippel A, Breckenridge RG, Chesley FG, Tisza L. High dielectric constant ceramics. Ind Eng Chem, 1946, 38: 1097–1109
Fritsch D, Ederer C. Epitaxial strain effects in the spinel ferrites CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 from first principles. Phys Rev B, 2010, 82: 104117
Zavaliche F, Zheng H, Mohaddes-Ardabili L, et al. Electric field-induced magnetization switching in epitaxial columnar nanostructures. Nano Lett, 2005, 5: 1793–1796
Zheng H, Zhan Q, Zavaliche F, et al. Controlling self-assembled perovskite-spinel nanostructures. Nano Lett, 2006, 6: 1401–1407
Zhang JX, Fu H, Lu W, Dai J, Chan HLW. Nanoscale free-standing magnetoelectric heteropillars. Nanoscale, 2013, 5: 6747–6753
Wu T, Zurbuchen MA, Saha S, et al. Observation of magnetoelectric effect in epitaxial ferroelectric film/manganite crystal heterostructures. Phys Rev B, 2006, 73: 134416
Eerenstein W, Wiora M, Prieto JL, Scott JF, Mathur ND. Giant sharp and persistent converse magnetoelectric effects inmultiferroic epitaxial heterostructures. Nat Mater, 2007, 6: 348–351
Thiele C, Dörr K, Bilani O, Rödel J, Schultz L. Influence of strain on the magnetization and magnetoelectric effect in La0.7A0.3MnO3/PMN-PT(001) (A = Sr, Ca). Phys Rev B, 2007, 75: 054408
Liu M, Obi O, Lou J, et al. Giant electric field tuning of magnetic properties in multiferroic ferrite/ferroelectric heterostructures. Adv Funct Mater, 2009, 19: 1826–1831
Lahtinen THE, Tuomi JO, van Dijken S. Pattern transfer and electric-field-induced magnetic domain formation in multiferroic heterostructures. Adv Mater, 2011, 23: 3187–3191
Nan TX, Zhou ZY, Liu M, et al. Quantification of strain and charge co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling on ultra-thin permalloy/PMN-PT interface. Sci Rep, 2014, 4: 3688
Laukhin V, Skumryev V, Marti X, et al. Electric-field control of exchange bias in multiferroic epitaxial heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett, 2006, 97: 227201–227204
Buzzi M, Chopdekar RV, Hockel JL, et al. Single domain spin manipulation by electric fields in strain coupled artificial multiferroic nanostructures. Phys Rev Lett, 2013, 111: 027204
Zhang S, Zhao Y, Xiao X, et al. Giant electrical modulation of magnetization in Co40Fe40B20/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3(011) heterostructure. Sci Rep, 2014, 4: 3727
Ghidini M, Pellicelli R, Prieto JL, et al. Non-volatile electrically driven repeatable magnetization reversal with no applied magnetic field. Nat Commun, 2013, 4: 1453
Yang SW, Peng RC, Jiang T, et al. Non-volatile 180° magnetization reversal by an electric field in multiferroic heterostructures. Adv Mater, 2014, 26: 7091–7095
Lei N, Devolder T, Agnus G, et al. Strain-controlled magnetic domain wall propagation in hybrid piezoelectric/ferromagnetic structures. Nat Commun, 2013, 4:1378
Rafique M, ul Hassan SQ, Awan MS, Manzoor S. Dependence of magnetoelectric properties on the magnetostrictive content in 0–3 composites. Ceram Int, 2013, 39: 213–216
Halley D, Najjari N, Majjad H, et al. Size-induced enhanced magnetoelectric effect and multiferroicity in chromium oxide nanoclusters. Nat Commun, 2014, 5: 3167
Weisheit M, Fähler S, Marty A, et al. Electric field-induced modification of magnetism in thin-film ferromagnets. Science, 2007, 315: 349–351
Rondinelli JM, Stengel M, Spaldin NA. Carrier-mediated magnetoelectricity in complex oxide heterostructures. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008, 3: 46–50
Niranjan MK, Burton JD, Velev JP, Jaswal SS, Tsymbal EY. Magnetoelectric effect at the SrRuO3/BaTiO3 (001) interface: an ab initio study. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 95: 052501
Yang Y, Lin CS, Chen JF, Hu L, Cheng WD. Magnetoelectric effects at the interfaces between nonmagnetic perovskites: ab initio prediction. EPL, 2014, 105: 27002
Molegraaf HJA, Hoffman J, Vaz CAF, et al. Magnetoelectric effects in complex oxides with competing ground states. Adv Mater, 2009, 21: 3470–3474
Vaz CAF, Hoffman J, Segal Y, et al. Origin of the magnetoelectric coupling effect in Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 multiferroic heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 104: 127202
Dong S, Zhang X, Yu R, Liu JM, Dagotto E. Microscopic model for the ferroelectric field effect in oxide heterostructures. Phys Rev B, 2011, 84: 155117
Preziosi D, Fina I, Pippel E, et al. Tailoring the interfacial magnetic anisotropy in multiferroic field-effect devices. Phys Rev B, 2014, 90: 125155
Cao S, Liu P, Tang J, et al. Magnetoelectric coupling at the EuO/BaTiO3 interface. Appl Phys Lett, 2013, 102: 172402
Ju S, Cai TY, Guo GY, Li ZY. Electrically controllable spin filtering and switching in multiferroic tunneling junctions. Phys Rev B, 2007, 75: 064419
Garcia V, Bibes M, Bocher L, et al. Ferroelectric control of spin polarization. Science, 2010, 327: 1106–1110
Jullière M. Tunneling between ferromagnetic films. Phys Lett A, 1975, 54: 225–226
Yin YW, Burton JD, Kim YM, et al. Enhanced tunnelling electroresistance effect due to a ferroelectrically induced phase transition at a magnetic complex oxide interface. Nat Mater, 2013, 12: 397–402
Yi D, Liu J, Okamoto S, et al. Tuning the competition between ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in a half-doped manganite through magnetoelectric coupling. Phys Rev Lett, 2013, 111: 127601
Kim YM, Morozovska A, Eliseev E, et al. Direct observation of ferroelectric field effect and vacancy-controlled screening at the Bi-FeO3/LaxSr1−x MnO3 interface. Nat Mater, 2014, 13: 1019–1025
Wang J, Xie LS, Wang CS, et al. Magnetic domain-wall motion twisted by nanoscale probe-induced spin transfer. Phys Rev B, 2014, 90: 224407
Khomskii DI. Orbital effects in manganites. Int J Mod Phys B, 2001, 15: 2665–2681
Cui B, Song C, Li F, et al. Tuning the entanglement between orbital reconstruction and charge transfer at a film surface. Sci Rep, 2014, 4: 4206
Cossu F, Schwingenschlögl U, Colizzi G, Filippetti A, Fiorentini V. Surface antiferromagnetism and incipient metal-insulator transition in strained manganite films. Phys Rev B, 2013, 87: 214420
Tebano A, Aruta C, Sanna S, et al. Evidence of orbital reconstruction at interfaces in ultrathin La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 100: 137401
Dong S, Yunoki S, Zhang X, et al. Highly anisotropic resistivities in the double-exchange model for strained manganites. Phys Rev B, 2010, 82: 035118
Lee JS, Arena DA, Yu P, et al. Hidden magnetic configuration in epitaxial La1−x SrxMnO3 films. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105: 257204
Chakhalian J, Freeland JW, Srajer G, et al. Magnetismat the interface between ferromagnetic and superconducting oxides. Nat Phys, 2006, 2: 244–248
Garcia-Barriocanal J, Cezar JC, Bruno FY, et al. Spin and orbital Ti magnetism at LaMnO3/SrTiO3 interfaces. Nat Commun, 2010, 1: 82
Liu YH, Cuellar FA, Sefrioui Z, et al. Emergent spin filter at the interface between ferromagnetic and insulating layered oxides. Phys Rev Lett, 2013, 111: 247203
Cuellar FA, Liu YH, Salafranca J, et al. Reversible electric-field control of magnetization at oxide interfaces. Nat Commun, 2014, 5: 4215
Adamo C, Ke X, Schiffer P, et al. Electrical and magnetic properties of (SrMnO3)n/(LaMnO3)2n superlattices. Appl Phys Lett, 2008, 92: 112508
Bhattacharya A, May SJ, Te Velthuis SGE, et al. Metal-insulator transition and its relation to magnetic structure in (LaMnO3)2n /(SrMnO3)n superlattices. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 100: 257203
Nanda BRK, Satpathy S. Electronic and magnetic structure of the (LaMnO3)2n /(SrMnO3)n superlattices. Phys Rev B, 2009, 79: 054428
Chen LY, Chen CL, Jin KX, Wu T. Prediction of giant magnetoelectric effect in LaMnO3/BaTiO3/SrMnO3 superlattice: the role of n-type SrMnO3/LaMnO3 interface. J Appl Phys, 2014, 116: 074102
Yu P, Lee JS, Okamoto S, et al. Interface ferromagnetism and orbital reconstruction in BiFeO3-La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105: 027201
Yu P, Chu YH, Ramesh R. Emergent phenomena at multiferroic heterointerfaces. Phil Trans R Soc A, 2012, 370: 4856–4871
Wu SM, Cybart SA, Yu P, et al. Reversible electric control of exchange bias in a multiferroic field-effect device. Nat Mater, 2010, 9: 756–761
Wu SM, Cybart SA, Yi D, et al. Full electric control of exchange bias. Phys Rev Lett, 2013, 110: 067202
Rao SS, Prater JT, Wu F, et al. Interface magnetism in epitaxial Bi-FeO3-La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures integrated on Si (100). Nano Lett, 2013, 13: 5814–5821
Mathur N. A desirable wind up. Nature, 2008, 454: 591–592
Chu YH, Martin LW, Holcomb MB, et al. Electric-field control of local ferromagnetism using a magnetoelectric multiferroic. Nat Mater, 2008, 7: 478–482
Heron JT, Trassin M, Ashraf K, et al. Electric-field-induced magnetization reversal in a ferromagnet-multiferroic heterostructure. Phys Rev Lett, 2011, 107: 217202
Béa H, Bibes M, Ott F, et al. Mechanisms of exchange bias with multiferroic BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 100: 017204
Rogdakis K, Seo JW, Viskadourakis Z, et al. Tunable ferroelectricity in artificial tri-layer superlattices comprised of non-ferroic components. Nat Commun, 2012, 3: 1064
Töpfer J, Goodenough JB. LaMnO3+δ revisited. J Solid State Chem, 1997, 130: 117–128
Chatterji T, Ouladdiaf B, Bhattacharya D. Neutron diffraction investigation of the magnetic structure and magnetoelastic effects in NdMnO3. J Phys Condens Matter, 2009, 21: 306001
Wollan E, Koehler W. Neutron diffraction study of the magnetic properties of the series of perovskite-type compounds [(1-x)La, xCa]MnO3. Phys Rev, 1955, 100: 545
Duan CG, Jaswal SS, Tsymbal EY. Predicted magnetoelectric effect in Fe/BaTiO3 multilayers: ferroelectric control of magnetism. Phys Rev Lett, 2006, 97: 047201
Yang P, Zhu JS, Lee JY, Lee HY. Thin film processing and multiferroic properties of Fe-BaTiO3 hybrid composite. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China, 2011, 21: 92–95
Radaelli G, Petti D, Plekhanov E, et al. Electric control of magnetism at the Fe/BaTiO3 interface. Nat Commun, 2014, 5: 3404
Dai JQ, Zhang H, Song YM. Interfacial electronic structure and magnetoelectric effect in M/BaTiO3 (M = Ni, Fe) superlattices. J Magn Magn Mater, 2012, 324: 3937–3943
Sante DD, Yamauchiandand K, Picozzi S. Beyond standard local density approximation in the study of magnetoelectric effects in Fe/BaTiO3 and Co/BaTiO3 interfaces. J Phys Condens Matter, 2013, 25: 066001
Niranjan MK, Velev JP, Duan CG, Jaswal SS, Tsymbal EY. Magnetoelectric effect at the Fe3O4/BaTiO3 (001) interface: a first-principles study. Phys Rev B, 2008, 78: 104405
Yamauchi K, Sanyaland B, Picozzi S. Interface effects at a half-metal/ferroelectric junction. Appl Phys Lett, 2007, 91: 062506
Chen LY, Chen CL, Jin KX, Du XJ. Potential enhancement in magnetoelectric effect at Mn-rich Co2MnSi/BaTiO3 (001) interface. EPL, 2012, 99: 57008
Chen J, Lin C, Yang Y, Hu L, Cheng W. Ab initio study of the magnetoelectric effect and critical thickness for ferroelectricity in Co2FeSi/BaTiO3 multiferroic tunnel junctions. Modelling Simul Mater Sci Eng, 2014, 22: 015008
Verma VK, Singh VR, Ishigami K, et al. Origin of enhanced magnetoelectric coupling in NiFe2O4/BaTiO3 multilayers studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Phys Rev B, 2014, 89: 115128
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Jinxing Zhang obtained his PhD from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2009 under the supervision of Prof. Helen Chan. After that he continued his research work at the Department of Physics of University of California, Berkeley as a post-doc scholar at Professor R. Ramesh’s group. In 2012, he joined the Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University as a professor. The central goal of Zhang’s group is the pursuit of the emerging phenomena and exotic physical behaviors behind the coupling and control of multiple order parameters (e.g., lattice, spin, orbital, charges) at a reduced dimension. His team is striving to create a bridge between those fundamentally scientific discoveries in functional nano-systems and future possible applications such as sensing, actuation, data storage, energy conversion, etc.
Yuan-Hua Lin is “Changjiang Scholar” distinguished professor of Materials Science at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He received his BSc degree from the East China Institute of Technology, and his MSc degree from Institute of Process and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his PhD degree from Tsinghua University. He was a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science scholar at the University of Tokyo in 2005. His main research interests include: high κ ceramics and thin films for high energy density capacitors applications; oxides-based DMS thin films; high-temperature oxides thermoelectric materials and devices for energy conversion.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yao, X., Ma, J., Lin, Y. et al. Magnetoelectric coupling across the interface of multiferroic nanocomposites. Sci. China Mater. 58, 143–155 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-015-0024-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-015-0024-7