Abstract
Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of soil applied paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the hormonal composition of auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins and gibberellins in 12 years old Alphonso mango trees during the year 2011. Paclobutrazol treatment decreased IAA contain in shoots by 4.3 and 28.2 % at 15 days before bud break and at bud break stage, respectively. Abscisic acid content in PBZ treated trees was 59.85 and 41.11 % higher in leaf and bud, respectively, as compared to untreated trees, during flowering period. Fifteen days before bud break, total cytokinin contents (zeatin, dihydrozeatin riboside, zeatin riboside, isopentenyl adenine, isopentenyl adenosine) in leaf and bud were 25.93 and 37.54 %, respectively less than untreated trees, but at bud break and 15 days after bud break it increased by 31.92 and 36.37 % in leaf and bud, respectively. Paclobutrazol treatment decreased gibberellin contents in shoots. Total gibberellin contents at bud break stage was 51.71 % less in treated trees as compared with untreated trees, while 55.58 % reduction was observed in treated trees from 15 days before bud break to bud break. While in untreated trees slight increment in total gibberellin contents was observed. These results indicated that, PBZ application though decreased gibberellin and IAA contents, but caused increases in ABA and cytokinins in mango shoots to elicit flowering responses.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Rahim, A. O. S., Elamin, O. M., & Bangerth, F. K. (2008). Effects of paclobutrazol on floral induction and correlated phyto-hormonal changes in grafted seedlings of different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. Sudan Journal of Agricultural Research, 11, 111–120.
Abdel-Rahim, A. O. S., Elamin, O. M., & Bangerth, F. K. (2011). Effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on floral induction and associated hormonal and metabolic changes of biennially bearing mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars during off year. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 6(2), 55–67.
Bangerth, F., Li, C. J., & Gruber, J. (2000). Mutual interaction of auxin and cytokinins in regulating correlative dominance. Plant Growth Regulation, 32(2), 205–217. doi:10.1023/A:1010742721004.
Barthe, G. A., & Stewart, I. (1985). Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of endogenous cytokinins in Citrus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 33(2), 293–297. doi:10.1021/jf00062a034.
Blaikie, S. J., Kulkarni, V. J., & Muller, W. J. (2004). Effects of morphactin and paclobutrazol flowering treatments on shoot and root phenology in mango cv. Kensington Pride. Scientia Horticulturae, 101(1–2), 51–68. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2003.09.009.
Burondkar, M. M., & Gunjate, R. T. (1993). Control of vegetative growth and induction of regular and early cropping in “Alphonso” mango with paclobutrazol. Acta Horticulturae, 341, 206–215.
Burondkar, M. M., Gunjate, R. T., Magdum, M. B., & Govekar, M. A. (2000). Rejuvenation of old and overcrowded Alphonso mango with pruning and use of paclobutrazol. Acta Horticulturae, 509, 681–686.
Chacko, E. K. (1986). Physiology of vegetative and reproductive growth in mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees. In Proceedings of the first Australian mango research workshop (pp. 54–70). Australia: CSIRO.
Chen, W. S. (1985). Flowering induction in mango (Mangifera indica L.) with plant growth substances. In Proceedings of the National Science Council Part B, Life Sciences (pp. 49–55). Republic of China: National Science Council.
Chen, W. S. (1987). Endogenous growth substances in relations to shoot growth and flower bud development of mango. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 112, 360–363.
Chen, W. S. (1990). Endogenous growth substances in xylem and shoot tip diffusate of lychee in relation to flowering. HortScience, 25(3), 314–315.
DBSKKV. (2014). Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth newsletter, July–Sept. 2014, (pp. 1–8). http://www.dbskkv.org/pdf/Farmer_Corner/newsletter%20July%20to%20September%202014%20(1).pdf. Accessed 25 May 2016.
FAO. (2008). FAOSTATISTICS data. http://www.faostatdata.agriculture. Accessed 20 May 2016.
Fletcher, R. A., Gilley, A., Sankhla, N., & Davis, T. D. (2010). Triazoles as plant growth regulators and stress protectants. In Horticultural reviews (pp. 55–138). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 10.1002/9780470650776.ch3.
Grossmann, K. (1992). Progress in plant growth regulation. In C. M. Karssen, L. C. van Loon, & D. Vreugdenhil (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th international conference on plant growth substances(pp. 788–797). Amsterdam, 21–26 July, 1991. Dordrecht: Springer. 10.1007/978-94-011-2458-4_97.
Hauser, C., Kwiatkowski, J., Rademacher, W., & Grossmann, K. (1990). Regulation of endogenous abscisic acid levels and transpiration in oilseed rape by plant growth retardants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 137(2), 201–207. doi:10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80082-9.
Hou, X., Liang, L., Ji, Z., Lee, P., & Li, M. (1987). Studies on the assay method for endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and the fluctuation of its contents in the buds of litchi during floral initiation. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 14(2), 12–16.
Kachru, R. B., Singh, R. N., & Chacko, E. K. (1971). Inhibition of flowering in mango (Mangifera indica L.) by gibberellic acid. HortScience, 6, 140–141.
Kaufman, P. B., Ghosheh, N. S., Nakosteen, L., Pharis, R. P., Durley, R. C., & Morf, W. (1976). Analysis of native gibberellins in the internode, nodes, leaves, and inflorescence of developing Avena plants. Plant Physiology, 58(2), 131–134.
Koshita, Y., Takahara, T., Ogata, T., & Goto, A. (1999). Involvement of endogenous plant hormones (IAA, ABA, GAs) in leaves and flower bud formation of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Scientia Horticulturae, 79(3–4), 185–194. doi:10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00209-X.
Mayer, A. M. (1958). Determination of indole acetic acid by the Salkowasky reaction. Nature, 182, 1670–1671.
Murti, G. S. R., & Upreti, K. K. (2000). Plant hormones. In A. Hemantaranjan (Ed.), Advances in plant physiology (pp. 109–148). Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers.
Murti, G. S. R., Upreti, K. K., Kurian, R. M., & Reddy, Y. T. N. (2001). Paclobutrazol modifies tree vigour and flowering in mango cv. Alphonso. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 6(4), 355–360.
Nafees, M., Faqeer, M., Ahmad, S., Khan, M. A., Jamil, M., & Aslam, M. N. (2010). Paclobutrazol soil drenching suppresses vegetative growth, reduces malformation, and increases production in mango. International Journal of Fruit Science, 10(4), 431–440. doi:10.1080/15538362.2010.530133.
Nartvaranant, P., Subhadrabandhu, S., & Tongumpai, P. (2000). Practical aspects in producing off-season mango in Thailand. Acta Horticulturae, 509, 661–668.
Oosthuyse, S. A. (1996). Some principles pertaining to mango pruning and the adopted practices of pruning mango trees in South Africa. Acta Horticulturae, 455, 413–421.
Powell, L. E., & Tautvydas, K. J. (1967). Chromatography of gibberellins on silica gel partition columns. Nature, 213(5073), 292–293.
Shiva, B., & Usha, K. (2014). Alternate bearing in fruit trees. Biotech Articles. http://www.biotecharticles.com/Agriculture-Article/Alternate-Bearing-in-Fruit-Trees-3250.html. Accessed 25 May 2016.
Singh, L. B. (1972). Bearing behavior biennial bearing in mango- retrospect and prospect. Acta Horticulturae, 24, 145–148.
Tien, T. M., Gaskins, H., & Hubbell, D. H. (1979). Plant growth substances produced by Azospirillum brasilense and their effect on the growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.). Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 5, 1016–1024.
Tomer, E. (1984). Inhibition of flowering in mango by gibberellic acid. Scientia Horticulturae, 24(3), 299–303. doi:10.1016/0304-4238(84)90114-6.
Upreti, K. K., Reddy, Y. T. N., Prasad, S. R. S., Bindu, G. V., Jayaram, H. L., & Rajan, S. (2013). Hormonal changes in response to paclobutrazol induced early flowering in mango cv. Totapuri. Scientia Horticulturae, 150, 414–418. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.11.030.
Weiler, E. W. (1982). An enzyme-immunoassay for cis-(+)-abscisic acid. Physiologia Plantarum, 54(4), 510–514. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00718.x.
Yeshitela, T., Robbertse, P. J., & Stassen, P. J. C. (2004). Paclobutrazol suppressed vegetative growth and improved yield as well as fruit quality of “Tommy Atkins” mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Ethiopia. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32(2), 37–41. doi:10.1080/01140671.2004.9514307.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Vice Chancellor of the Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli for the encouragement during study. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of NAIP, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. The authors also thankful to Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, for their valuable support by providing laboratory facility during the study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Burondkar, M.M., Upreti, K.K., Ambavane, A.R. et al. Hormonal changes during flowering in response to paclobutrazol application in mango cv. Alphonso under Konkan conditions. Ind J Plant Physiol. 21, 306–311 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0236-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0236-1