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Scar thickness measurement by transvaginal sonography in late second trimester and third trimester in pregnant patients with previous cesarean section: does sequential change in scar thickness with gestational age correlate with mode of delivery?

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Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether scar thickness measured by transvaginal sonography and the sequential change in scar thickness from second to third trimester has any association with mode of delivery in patients with previous cesarean.

Methods

Pregnant women with previous one cesarean section underwent transvaginal sonography between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and then a repeat scan beyond 36 weeks of gestation to measure scar thickness. These scar thickness measurements were then correlated with the mode of delivery. The scar was measured at multiple sites (3–4) of the lower uterine segment and its thinnest portion was considered to be the scar.

Result

Scar thickness was thinner in those patients having cesarean delivery than those having vaginal delivery and this difference was statistically significant at both the gestational ages. Mean scar thickness at 24–28 weeks of gestation in patients who delivered vaginally is 4.8 ± 1.1 mm and in those who had repeat cesarean section is 4.4 ± 1.1 mm (p value = 0.043). Mean scar thickness beyond 36 weeks of gestation in patients who delivered vaginally is 3.3 ± 0.7 mm and in those who had repeat cesarean section is 2.9 ± 0.9 mm (p value = 0.003). The mean decrease in scar thickness was not significantly different between those who delivered vaginally (mean decrease = 1.73 ± 0.95 mm) and those who had a repeat cesarean (mean decrease = 1.91 ± 0.96 mm).

Conclusion

Our study concluded that thicker scars are associated with better chances of successful vaginal birth after cesarean. Measurement at both late second trimester and third trimester can be done but latter has better correlation with mode of delivery. This association may be explained by the fact that thinner scars have more chances of fetal bradycardia, meconium staining of liquor and previous cesarean for feto-pelvic disproportion.

Riassunto

Scopo

obiettivo dello studio è valutare se lo spessore della cicatrice, misurata con ecografia transvaginale e il cambio di spessore della cicatrice dal secondo al terzo trimestre, sono correlati con la modalità del parto, in pazienti con pregresso parto cesareo.

Metodi

donne incinta, con pregresso parto cesareo, sono state sottoposte ad ecografia transvaginale tra la 24 a la 28 settimana di gestazione, poi ad un ulteriore esame oltre la 36 settimana di gestazione, per misurare lo spessore della cicatrice. Le misurazioni degli spessori della cicatrice sono state correlate con la modalità del parto. La cicatrice è stata misurata in più punti (3-4) della parte inferiore dell’utero e la sua parte più sottile è stata considerata come la cicatrice.

Risultati

lo spessore della cicatrice era più sottile nelle pazienti che avrebbero avuto un parto cesareo rispetto a quelle con parto vaginale e questa differenza era statisticamente significativa, in entrambe le età gestazionali. Lo spessore medio della cicatrice a 24 a 28 settimane di gestazione in pazienti con parto per via vaginale era 4,8 + 1,1 millimetri e in quelle con taglio cesareo 4,4 + 1,1 millimetri (valore p = 0.043). Lo spessore medio della cicatrice oltre la 36 settimane di gestazione in pazienti con parto per via vaginale era 3.3 + 0,7 millimetri e in quelle con taglio cesareo 2,9 + 0,9 millimetri (valore p = 0,003). La diminuzione di spessore media della cicatrice non era significativamente differente tra quelle con parto vaginale (decremento medio = 1,73 + 0,95 millimetri) e quelle con parto cesareo (riduzione media = 1.91 + 0,96 millimetri).

Conclusioni

Il nostro studio ha evidenziato che cicatrici più spesse, dopo un parto cesareo, sono associate a maggiori probabilità di parto vaginale. Può essere fatta una misurazione sia a fine del secondo trimestre che del terzo trimestre, ma quest’ultima ha maggiore correlazione con la modalità del paro. Questa associazione può essere spiegata con il fatto che le cicatrici più sottili sono più spesso associate a bradicardia fetale, ileo da meconio e precedente cesareo per sproporzione feto-pelvica.

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Conflict of interest

Nilanchali Singh, Reva Tripathi, YM Mala, Rashmi Dixit declare they have no conflict of interest.

Informed consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 (5). All patients provided written informed consent to enrolment in the study and to the inclusion in this article of information that could potentially lead to their identification.

Human and animal studies

The study was conducted in accordance with all institutional and national guidelines for the care of human subjects.

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Correspondence to Nilanchali Singh.

Additional information

Content: This study pertains to serial assessment of previous cesarean scar in antenatal period and whether it has a role in predicting successful VBAC.

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Singh, N., Tripathi, R., Mala, Y.M. et al. Scar thickness measurement by transvaginal sonography in late second trimester and third trimester in pregnant patients with previous cesarean section: does sequential change in scar thickness with gestational age correlate with mode of delivery?. J Ultrasound 18, 173–178 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-014-0116-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-014-0116-3

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