Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental and thermodynamic analysis of a compression ignition engine operating with straight soybean oil

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental and thermodynamic analysis of a compression ignition engine with rated power of 14.7 kW, fueled with diesel oil, straight soybean oil, and blend of 50 % (v/v) soybean and diesel oils. The experimental work consisted in characterization of physical–chemical properties of the fuels and steady-state measurements of brake power, fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions (CO, CO2 and NO x ) as function of engine speed. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out at 1,800 rpm. The results were evaluated applying analysis of variance and the Dunnett’s test. The engine operation with soybean oil in comparison with diesel oil showed reduction in power, increase in fuel consumption, similar fuel conversion efficiency, exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction. Analysis at 1,800 rpm for operation with soybean oil revealed 33 % of exergetic efficiency, within 95 % of confidence level. The patterns of the emissions revealed the important effect of the increased ignition delay time of the straight vegetable oil. Therefore, although preheating was used to adjust the fuel properties to provide similar spray regimes, the blending with diesel oil had an important effect in reducing the ignition delay time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

LHV:

Low heating value

SVO:

Straight vegetable oil

c :

Carbon atoms in the fuel molecule

C:

Carbon

\(\bar{c}_{p}\) :

Specific heat of fuel [kJ/(kmol K)]

\(\bar{e}\) :

Specific flow exergy (kJ/kmol)

\(\dot{E}\) :

Exergy rate (kW)

h :

Hydrogen atoms in the fuel molecule

H:

Hydrogen

\(\bar{h}\) :

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kmol)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

N:

Nitrogen

\(\dot{n}\) :

Molar flow rate (kmol/s)

o :

Oxygen atoms in the fuel molecule

O:

Oxygen

P :

Pressure (Pa)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (kW)

\(\bar{R}\) :

Universal gas constant [kJ/(kmol K)]

S:

Sulfur

\(\bar{s}\) :

Specific entropy [kJ/(kmol K)]

\(\dot{S}\) :

Entropy production rate (kW/K)

T :

Temperature (°C)

y :

Mole fraction

\(\dot{W}\) :

Power (kW)

\(\eta\) :

Energetic efficiency

ɛ :

Exergetic efficiency

a:

Air

D:

Destruction

f:

Fuel

g:

Gas

i :

ith Mixture component

in:

Input

m:

Engine surface temperature

o:

Reference state

out:

Output

s:

Stoichiometric

ch:

Chemical exergy

e:

Reference environment

ph:

Physical exergy

References

  1. Almeida S, Belchior C, Nascimento M, Vieira L, Fleury G (2002) Performance of a diesel generator fuelled with palm oil. Fuel 81:2097–2102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Coelho ST, Silva OC, Velazquez SG, Monteiro MA, Silotto CG (2004) Energy from vegetable oil in diesel generators-Results of a test unit at amazon region. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Scientific Conference of Mechanical Engineering—Santa Clara, Cuba

  3. Belchior C, Pimentel VB, Pereira PP (2006) The Research for the use of palm oil in diesel generators in the Amazon River. In: Proceedings of 2nd World Renewable Energy Congress Florence, Italy

  4. Fonseca CM (2007) Substitution of the oil diesel by alternative fuels in the generation of electricity. Master thesis, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (in Portuguese)

  5. Duarte AR, Bezerra UH, de Lima ME, Duarte AM, da Rocha GN (2010) A proposal of electrical power supply to Brazilian Amazon remote communities. Biomass Bioenerg 34:1314–1320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Pereira RS, Tostes MEL, Nogueira MFM (2012) Evaluating indirect injection diesel engine performance fueled with palm oil. In: Proceedings of 14th Brazilian Congress on Thermal Science and Engineering—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

  7. Agarwal D, Kumar L, Agarwal AK (2008) Performance evaluation of a vegetable oil fuelled compression ignition engine. Renew Energy 33:1147–1156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rakopoulos CD, Antonopoulos KA, Rakopoulos DC, Hountalas DT, Giakoumis EG (2006) Comparative performance and emissions study of a direct injection diesel engine using blends of diesel fuel with vegetable oils or bio-diesels of various origins. Energy Convers Manage 47:3272–3287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Franco Z, Nguyen QD (2011) Flow properties of vegetable oil-diesel fuel blends. Fuel 90:838–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hartmann RM, Garzón NN, Hartmann EM, Oliveira AAM, Bazzo E (2013) Vegetable oils of soybean, sunflower and tung as alternative fuels for compression ignition engines. Int J Thermodyn 16:87–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nwafor OM, Rice G (1996) Performance of rapeseed oil blends in a diesel engine. Appl Energy 54:345–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Balafoutis A, Fountas S, Natsis A, Papadakis G (2011) Performance and emissions of sunflower, rapeseed, and cottonseed oils as fuels in an agricultural tractor engine. ISNR Renew Energy 531510:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chalatlon V, Roy MM, Dutta A, Kumar S (2011) Jatropha oil production and an experimental investigation of its use as an alternative fuel in a DI diesel engine. J Pet Technol Altern Fuels 2:76–85

    Google Scholar 

  14. Nwafor OM (2004) Emission characteristics of diesel engine running on vegetable oil with elevated fuel inlet temperature. Biomass Bioenerg 27:507–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ozsezen A, Turkcan A, Canakci M (2009) Combustion analysis of preheated crude sunflower oil in an IDI diesel engine. Biomass Bioenerg 33:760–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Venkanna BK, Wadawadagi SB, Reddy CV (2009) Effect of injection pressure on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of direct injection diesel engine running on blends of pongamia pinnata linn oil (honge oil) and diesel fuel. Agric Eng Int 11:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  17. SaradaSN Shailaja M, Raju AR, Radha KK (2010) Optimization of injection pressure for a compression ignition engine with cotton seed oil as an alternate fuel. Int J Eng Sci Technol 2:142–149

    Google Scholar 

  18. Van Gerpen JH, Shapiro HN (1990) Second-law analysis of diesel engine combustion. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 112:129–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Rakopoulos CD (1993) Evaluation of a spark ignition engine cycle using first and second law analysis techniques. Energy Convers Manag 34:1299–1314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Alasfour FN (1997) Butanol—A single-cylinder engine study: availability analysis. Appl Therm Eng 17:537–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rakopoulos CD, Kyritsis DC (2001) Comparative second-law analysis of internal combustion engine operation for methane, methanol, and dodecane fuels. Energy 26:705–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Benjumea P, Agudelo J, Agudelo A (2009) Effect of altitude and palm oil biodiesel fuelling on the performance and combustion characteristics of a HSDI diesel engine. Fuel 88:725–731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Bueno AV, Velasquez JA, Milanez LF (2011) Heat release and engine performance effects of soybean oil ethyl ester blending into diesel fuel. Energy 36:3907–3916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Canakci M, Hosoz M (2006) Energy and exergy analyses of a diesel engine fuelled with various biodiesels. Energy Sour 1:379–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gokalp B (2009) Biodiesel addition to standard diesel fuels and marine fuels used in a diesel engine: effects on emission characteristics and first and second-law efficiencies. Energy Fuel 23:1849–1857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Azoumah Y, Blin J, Daho T (2009) Exergy efficiency applied for the performance optimization of a direct injection compression ignition (CI) engine using biofuels. Renew Energy 34:1494–1500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Tat ME (2011) Cetane number effect on the energetic and exergetic efficiency of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel. Fuel Process Technol 92:1311–1321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. National Agency of Petroleum, Natural gas, and biofuels (2011) Resolution ANP Nº 65 of 9.12.2011—DOU 12.12.2011 (in Portuguese)

  29. Ministry of Mines and Energy (2012) Brazilian energy balance 2012. EPE, Rio de Janeiro (in Portuguese)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Altin R, Çetinkaya S, Yücesu H (2001) The potential of using vegetable oil fuels as fuel for diesel engines. Energ Convers Manag 42:529–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Demirbas A (2003) Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey. Energy Convers Manag 44:2093–2109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C (2004) Use of vegetable oils as I.C. engine fuels: a review. Renew Energy 29:727–742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Sidibé SS, Blin J, Vaitilingom G, Azoumah Y (2010) Use of crude filtered vegetable oil as a fuel in diesel engines state of the art: literature review. Renew Sust Energy Rev 14:2748–2759

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Al-Dawody MF, Bhatti SK (2013) Optimization strategies to reduce the biodiesel NOx effect in diesel engine with experimental verification. Energy Convers Manag 68:96–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Reitz RD, Bracco FV (1982) Mechanism of atomization of a liquid jet. Phys Fluids 25:1730–1742

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Martínez-Martínez S, Sanchez F, Bermudez V, Manuel J (2010) Liquid sprays characteristics in diesel engines. In: Siano D (ed) Fuel Injection. In Tech, http://www.intechopen.com/books/fuel-injection/liquid-sprays-characteristics-in-diesel-engines, pp 19–48

  37. Szargut J, Morris D, Steward F (1988) Exergy analysis of thermal chemical and metallurgical processes. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  38. Heywood JB (1988) Internal combustion engine fundamentals. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  39. Puhan S, Saravanan N, Nagarajan G, Vedaraman N (2010) Effect of biodiesel unsaturated fatty acid on combustion characteristics of a DI compression ignition engine. Biomass Bioenerg 34:1079–1088

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Eletrosul Centrais Elétricas S.A. and the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency—ANEEL for the financial support and CAPES for the scholarship for N. Nieto Garzón.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Combustion and Thermal Systems Engineering (LabCET), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil

    Nury A. Nieto Garzón, Amir A. M. Oliveira, Ricardo Morel Hartmann & Edson Bazzo

Authors
  1. Nury A. Nieto Garzón
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amir A. M. Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ricardo Morel Hartmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Edson Bazzo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nury A. Nieto Garzón.

Additional information

Technical Editor: Luis Fernando Figueira da Silva.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nieto Garzón, N.A., Oliveira, A.A.M., Hartmann, R.M. et al. Experimental and thermodynamic analysis of a compression ignition engine operating with straight soybean oil. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 37, 1467–1478 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-014-0287-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-014-0287-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation