Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM) treated with Preformed Metal Crowns (PMC) using the Hall Technique (HT).
Methods
This prospective cohort study included healthy children presenting at the pediatric dental clinic of the University Hospitals Leuven (Belgium) with at least one primary molar affected by HSPM. The clinical and radiological situation at baseline and after a follow-up of 1 year was registered in detail using standardized criteria. After plaque removal and gentle drying, PMCs (3 M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel Crowns) were fitted without administration of local anaesthesia nor tooth preparation. Strict outcome criteria, including gingival health condition, were applied. Informed consent was obtained for all individual participants. The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee.
Results
A total of 39 PMCs with a follow-up of 12 months, placed in 15 patients (7 boys and 8 girls), were included. The mean age of the patients at the time of fitting the PMC was 4.6 ± 1.1 years (range: 3–7). None of the PMCs was lost nor failed. Clinical outcome was considered fully successful in 64.1%, radiological outcome in 93.3% of the cases; all other cases were rated as acceptable. The main reason for not being categorized as fully successful was deterioration of the gingival condition. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated and accepted by the patients.
Conclusion
PMCs fitted using the HT represent an acceptable and well-tolerated treatment option for the management of HSPM. Gingival condition should be incorporated in outcome assessment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atieh M. Stainless steel crown versus modified open-sandwich restorations for primary molars: a 2-year randomized clinical trial. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008;18(5):325–32.
Attari N, Roberts JF. Restoration of Primary Teeth with crowns: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2006;1(2):58–62.
Belduz Kara N, Yilmaz Y. Assessment of oral hygiene and periodontal health around posterior primary molars after their restoration with various crown types. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2014;24(4):303–13.
Berkhout WER. Het ALARA-principe. Achtergronden en toepassing in de praktijk. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2015;122(05):263–70.
Clark W, Geneser M, Owais A, Kanellis M, Qian F. Success rates of Hall technique crowns in primary molars: a retrospective pilot study. Gen Dent. 2017;65(5):32–5.
Da Silva Figueiredo Sé MJ, Ribeiro APD, Dos Santos-Pinto LAM, De Cassia Loiola Cordeiro R, Cabral RN, Leal SC. Are hypomineralized primary molars and canines associated with molar-incisor hypomineralization? Pediatr Dent. 2017;39(7):445–9.
Elfrink MEC, Schuller AA, Weerheijm KL, Veerkamp JSJ. Hypomineralized second primary molars: prevalence data in Dutch 5-year-olds. Caries Res. 2008;42:282–5.
Elhennawy K, Schwendicke F. Managing molar-incisor hypomineralization: a systematic review. J Dent. 2016;55:16–24.
Espelid I, Mejàre I, Weerheijm K. EAPD guidelines for use of radiographs in children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;4(1):40–8.
Foster Page LA, Boyd DH, Davidson SE, McKay SK, Thomson WM, Innes NP. Acceptability of the Hall Technique to parents and children. N Z Dent J. 2014;110(1):12–7.
Ghanim A, Elfrink M, Weerheijm K, Mariño R, Manton D. A practical method for use in epidemiological studies on enamel hypomineralisation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16:235–46.
Goyal A, Dhareula A, Gauba K, Bhatia SK. Prevalence, defect characteristics and distribution of other phenotypes in 3- to 6-year-old children affected with hypomineralised second primary molars. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2019;20(6):585–93.
Greene JG, Vermillion JR. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964;68(1):7–13.
Innes NP, Evans DJP, Stirrups DR. The Hall Technique; a randomized controlled clinical trial of a novel method of managing carious primary molars in general dental practice: acceptability of the technique and outcomes at 23 months. BMC Oral Health. 2007a;7(18):1–21.
Innes NP, Ricketss DN, Evans DJP. Preformed metal crowns may last longer than fillings. Evid Based Dent. 2007b;8:10.
Innes NP, Evans DJP, Stirrups DR. Sealing caries in primary molars. J Dent Res. 2011;90(12):1405–10.
Ismail A, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H, et al. The International caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS ): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35(1):170–8.
Jälevik B, Klingberg G. Treatment outcomes and dental anxiety in 18-year-olds with MIH, comparisons with healthy controls: a longitudinal study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012;22(2):85–91.
Klein H, Palmer C. Studies on dental caries vs familial resemblance in the caries experience of siblings. Pub Hlth Rep. 1938;53:1353–64.
Koleventi A, Sakellari D, Arapostathis KN, Kotsanos N. Periodontal impact of preformed metal crowns on permanent molars of children and adolescents: a pilot study. Pediatr Dent. 2018;40(2):117–21.
Kühnisch J, Ekstrand KR, Pretty I, Twetman S, van Loveren C, Gizani S, et al. Best clinical practice guidance for management of early caries lesions in children and young adults: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2016;17(1):3–12.
Kulkarni P, Agrawal S, Bansal A, Jain A, Tiwari U, Anand A. Assessment of nickel release from various dental appliances used routinely in pediatric dentistry. Indian J Dent. 2016;7(2):81.
Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol. 1967;38(6 Part III):610–6.
Ludwig KH, Fontana M, Vinson LA, Platt JA, Dean JA. The success of stainless steel crowns placed with the Hall technique. J Am Dent Assoc. 2014;145(12):1248–53.
Lygidakis NA, Wong F, Jälevik B, Vierrou AM, Alaluusua S, Espelid I. Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH): an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010;11(2):75–81.
Mayhew D, Mendonca V, Murthy BVS. A review of ASA physical status: historical perspectives and modern developments. Anaesthesia. 2019;74(3):373–9.
Nazzal H, Duggal MS. Restorative management of dental enamel defects in the primary dentition. Clin Dent Rev Springer Int Publish. 2019;3(1):1–7.
Poorterman JHG. Indicatie voor en frequentie van intraorale röntgenopnamen. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2015;122:272–8.
Santamaria RM, Innes NPT, Machiulskiene V, Evans DJP, Splieth CH. Caries management strategies for primary molars: 1-Yr randomized control trial results. J Dent Res. 2014;93(11):1062–9.
Schwendicke F, Krois J, Robertson M, Splieth C, Santamaria R, Innes N. Cost-effectiveness of the Hall Technique in a Randomized Trial. J Dent Res. 2019;98(1):61–7.
Sharaf AA, Farsi NM. A clinical and radiographic evaluation of stainless steel crowns for primary molars. J Dent. 2004;32(1):27–33.
Tsze DS, Hirschfeld G, Dayan PS, Bulloch B, von Baeyer CL. Defining no pain, mild, moderate, and severe pain based on the faces pain scale: revised and color analog scale in children with acute pain. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018;34(8):537–44.
Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralisation. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;3:115–20.
Weerheijm KL, Elfrink MEC, Kilpatrick N. Molar incisor hypomineralization and hypomineralized second primary molars: diagnosis, prevalence and etiology. In: Drummond BK, Kilpatrick N, editors. Plan Care Child Adolesc with Dent Enamel Defects New York, Dordrecht, London: Springer. 31–44.
William V, Burrow MF, Palamara JEA, Messer LB. Microshear bond strength of resin composite to teeth affected by molar hypomineralization using 2 adhesive systems. Pediatr Dent. 2006;28(3):233–41.
William V, Messer LB, Burrow MF. Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and recommendations for clinical management. Pediatr Dent. 2006;28(3):224–32.
Zimmerman JA, Feigal RJ, Till MJ, Hodges JS. Parental attitudes on restorative materials as factors influencing current use in pediatric dentistry. Pediatr Dent. 2009;31(1):63–70.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Research involving human participants and/or animals
This research involves human participants.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Declerck, D., Mampay, E. Non-invasive treatment approach for hypomineralised second primary molars using preformed metal crowns: results after 1-year follow-up. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 22, 479–490 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-020-00585-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-020-00585-z