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PET/MRI and brain tumors: focus on radiation oncology treatment planning

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Abstract

In brain tumors, imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can very accurately visualize anatomy and morphology of healthy and malignant tissue, but neither contrast-enhancing areas in T1-weighted sequences, nor hyperintensities in T2/FLAIR sequences are specific for tumor tissue, especially when considering the manifold alterations resulting from previous treatment. Imaging the biology of tumor tissue by positron emission tomography (PET), therefore, is a highly interesting approach to improve the detection of macroscopic tumor which is the prerequisite for high-precision radiotherapy treatment planning. This review will focus on the benefits of amino acid tracers (l-[methyl-11C]methionine (MET) and O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (FET)) in neurooncology and their implementation in radiation oncology. Furthermore, a brief overview of the current impact of 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-d-glucose (FDG), nucleic acid analogs, hypoxia tracers, and Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) analogs on radiotherapy planning in brain tumors is provided. Among advances in multiparametric MRI, Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has attracted particular attention since it can predict prognosis, as well as indicate response to treatment and has already been introduced into target volume definition for radiotherapy of various cancers (e.g., prostate and rectal cancer). Additionally, advances in MR spectroscopy (MRS) are mentioned. Finally, these findings will be discussed concerning their influence on current aspects of integrated PET/MR hybrid imaging.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany

    Oliver Oehlke & Anca-Ligia Grosu

  2. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Anca-Ligia Grosu

  3. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany

    Anca-Ligia Grosu

Authors
  1. Oliver Oehlke
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  2. Anca-Ligia Grosu
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Correspondence to Anca-Ligia Grosu.

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Authors’ contribution

O. Oehlke: Content planning, Literature Search and Review, Manuscript Writing. A.-L. Grosu: Content planning, Literature Search and Review, Manuscript Writing.

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Oliver Oehlke and Anca-Ligia Grosu declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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For this type of study formal consent is not required. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Oehlke, O., Grosu, AL. PET/MRI and brain tumors: focus on radiation oncology treatment planning. Clin Transl Imaging 5, 159–167 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40336-016-0206-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40336-016-0206-7

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