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Leveraging Cancer Therapeutics for the HIV Cure Agenda: Current Status and Future Directions

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Abstract

Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and undetectable HIV RNA in the plasma, latent replication-competent HIV persists indefinitely in long-lived cells. Cessation of ART results in rebound of HIV from these persistent reservoirs. While this was thought to be an insurmountable obstacle to viral eradication, recent cases suggest otherwise. To date one patient has been “cured” of HIV and several others have been able to interrupt ART without viral rebound for prolonged periods. These events have sparked renewed interest in developing strategies that will allow eradication of HIV in infected individuals. We review the current knowledge of HIV latency and the viral reservoir, describe the potential utility of emerging cancer therapeutics in HIV cure research with an emphasis on pathways implicated in reservoir persistence, and outline opportunities and challenges in the context of the current clinical trial and regulatory environment.

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  1. Mark N. Polizzotto

    Present address: Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Mark N. Polizzotto

  2. HJF-DAIDS Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA

    Grace Chen & Randall L. Tressler

  3. Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Catherine Godfrey

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This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN272200800014C and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Human Services.

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M. N. Polizzotto, C. Godfrey, G. Chen and R. L. Tressler declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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This paper was written by the authors in their capacity as NIH employees, but the views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of the NIH.

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Polizzotto, M.N., Chen, G., Tressler, R.L. et al. Leveraging Cancer Therapeutics for the HIV Cure Agenda: Current Status and Future Directions. Drugs 75, 1447–1459 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-015-0426-6

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