Abstract
Introduction
Prochlorperazine is recommended for adults with breakthrough or refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The objective of this review was to describe its safety in children when given for any indication to help define its role for CINV control in children.
Methods
Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were performed as of 9 March 2015. All studies in English reporting adverse effects (AEs) associated with prochlorperazine in children (≤18 years) were included. AEs were synthesized for prospective studies.
Results
Forty-nine (15 prospective) studies evaluating the use of prochlorperazine in 758 children were included. The most commonly reported AEs in prospective studies of prochlorperazine in children were sedation (multiple-dose studies: 10 %, 95 % CI 5–21) and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (single-dose studies: 9 %, 95 % CI 3–29; multiple-dose studies: 4 %, 95 % CI 1–11). Serious AEs (seizure, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, autonomic collapse, tardive dyskinesia) were rarely associated with prochlorperazine use in children. Five fatalities were reported in children receiving prochlorperazine.
Limitations
The limitations of this systematic review and meta-analysis were that the AEs reported in the included studies were heterogeneous, the prospective use of systematic clinical tools to identify AEs was rare, and the risk of bias in most prospective studies was moderate.
Conclusions
The most common AEs reported with the pediatric use of prochlorperazine are EPS and sedation. Fatalities, life-threatening, and persistent AEs have also been reported.
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Acknowledgments
The assistance of Ms. Elizabeth Uleryk, Library Scientist, with the literature search and the administrative assistance of Ms. Sandra Cabral are gratefully acknowledged.
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Support of the Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario to conduct the study and to prepare the manuscript is acknowledged. The funder did not influence the interpretation of the results of this work.
Conflict of interest
Melissa Lau Moon Lin, Paula D. Robinson, Jacqueline Flank, Lillian Sung, and L. Lee Dupuis have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this study.
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Lau Moon Lin, M., Robinson, P.D., Flank, J. et al. The Safety of Prochlorperazine in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug Saf 39, 509–516 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-016-0398-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-016-0398-9