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An Update on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children

  • Pediatric Anesthesia (J Lerman, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Anesthesiology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed on greater than 6000 hospitalized children every year. Our goal is to highlight current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest, as well as the therapeutic approach during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation for children.

Recent Findings

Over the last decade, survival from pediatric cardiac arrest has improved, largely due to increased focus on the provision of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation and treatment of post-cardiac arrest pathophysiology. Ideal chest compression targets, the role of assisted ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the use of intra-arrest physiologic monitoring, the physiology of vasoactive medications administered during cardiac arrest, the utility of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the importance of treating the post-cardiac arrest syndrome to prevent secondary injury are just some of the discoveries improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation practices.

Summary

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is frequently a life-saving therapy for an otherwise uniformly fatal process. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and potential therapeutic interventions is imperative for the inpatient pediatric provider.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Ryan W. Morgan, Michael Karlsson, Robert M. Sutton & Todd J. Kilbaugh

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  1. Ryan W. Morgan
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  2. Michael Karlsson
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  3. Robert M. Sutton
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  4. Todd J. Kilbaugh
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Correspondence to Todd J. Kilbaugh.

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Conflict of Interest

Ryan W. Morgan declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Michael Karlsson has received salary support from NeuroVive Pharmaceutical AB for work related to traumatic brain injury. NeuroVive Pharmaceutical AB also owns the IP for pre-clinical compounds Dr. Karlsson partially developed at his previous academic institution. Although these compounds could theoretically be useful in the treatment of cardiac arrest, to date, no work whatsoever has been conducted with these compounds related to cardiac arrest.

Robert M. Sutton has received speaker’s honoraria from ZOLL and is a member of the Pediatric Research Task Force of the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation Registry.

Todd J. Kilbaugh declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pediatric Anesthesia

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Morgan, R.W., Karlsson, M., Sutton, R.M. et al. An Update on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children. Curr Anesthesiol Rep 7, 191–200 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-017-0216-7

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