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Analysis of Synthetic Pyrethroids by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

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Abstract

The paper explains why we get many peaks during gas–liquid chromatography (GC) and attempts to rationalize the complicated GC spectra by identifying the major fragments of synthetic pyrethroids. In the present research, gas chromatography conditions in the electronic ionization (EI) mode were established that served as a benchmark in the development of a chemical ionization (CI) protocol for the selected ester and non-ester synthetic pyrethroids. CI technique is a lower energy process than EI. The lower energy yields less fragmentation, and usually a simpler spectrum with identifiable molecular ion. Common major peak in case of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, and fenpropathrin was due to meta-phenoxybenzaldehyde moiety at m/z 208 (C14H10NO)+ ion. Etofenprox after protonation of ether oxygen loses one molecule of water producing m/z 359 instead of m/z 377 and it further fragmented to m/z 177 (C12 H17O)+ and 135 (C9H11O)+ ions. Above 70 % recoveries of all the pyrethroids at 0.1 and 1 μg ml−1 levels were achieved from environmental samples. Improving analytical sensitivity and selectivity is important for quantifying trace pyrethroids in matrices. In EI mode, selecting base ion for single ion monitoring or using a precursor ion for MS/MS analysis, the lower limits of quantification (less than 0.1 ppm) become possible for the analysis of synthetic pyrethroids in water.

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Abbreviations

GC:

Gas liquid chromatography

EI:

Electron ionization

CI:

Chemical ionization

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer

SIM:

Single ion monitoring

ECD:

Electron capture detector

Rt:

Retention time

Na2SO4 :

Sodium sulfate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Madhuban Gopal & Ram Niwas

  2. A-61, II Floor, Inderpuri, New Delhi, 110012, India

    C. Devakumar

Authors
  1. Madhuban Gopal
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  2. Ram Niwas
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  3. C. Devakumar
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Correspondence to Madhuban Gopal.

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Gopal, M., Niwas, R. & Devakumar, C. Analysis of Synthetic Pyrethroids by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Agric Res 4, 208–214 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-015-0162-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-015-0162-x

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