Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Essential Oils on In Vitro Methanogenesis and Feed Fermentation with Buffalo Rumen Liquor

  • Full-Length Research Article
  • Published:
Agricultural Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Seven essential oils (EOs): garlic (Allium sativum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), wild turmeric (Curcuma aromatica), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) were evaluated as rumen modifier to mitigate methane emission. The lowest level of EOs tested in this experiment (167 μl l−1 of incubation medium) was the most appropriate level of inclusion as higher doses were detrimental for feed digestibility and fermentation. At this level, methane inhibition was maximum (38.5 %) with garlic oil (GO) followed by cinnamon bark oil (CiBO; 34.9 %), wild turmeric oil (15.5 %), clove bud oil (CBO; 12.9 %), clove leaf oil (8.0 %), lemongrass oil (7.3 %) and turmeric oil (no effect). Feed digestibility was significantly hampered by CBO and CiBO. The response of GO was different from that of other oils as inclusion of GO at 167 μl l−1 of incubation medium resulted in 38.5 % decrease in methane production, significant increase in total volatile fatty acids and propionate production, a decrease in acetate to propionate ratio and had no effect on feed digestibility. All the oils suppressed ammonia production. Partitioning factor, which indicates efficiency of microbial biomass production, was also increased by inclusion of all the seven oils. The CiBO was detrimental for feed fermentation even at the lowest dose of 167 μl l−1 of incubation medium. The data indicated that GO was the most promising feed additive which caused maximum methane inhibition and had the minimum adverse effect on feed digestibility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Agarwal N, Shekhar C, Kumar R, Chaudhary LC, Kamra DN (2009) Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed with buffalo rumen liquor. Anim Feed Sci Technol 148:321–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. AOAC International (1995) Official methods of analysis of AOAC international, 16th edn. Arlington, VA, USA

  3. Blümmel M, Makkar HPS, Becker K (1997) In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 77:24–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Busquet M, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Kamel C (2005) Effects of cinnamaldehyde, garlic oil on rumen microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 88:2508–2516

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Busquet M, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Carro MD, Kamel C (2005) Effect of garlic oil and four of its compounds on rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci 88:4393–4404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Busquet M, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Kamel C (2006) Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci 89:761–771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Calsamiglia S, Castillejos L, Busquet M (2006) Alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in cattle. In: Garnsworthy PC, Wiseman J (eds) Recent advances in animal nutrition. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, pp 129–167

    Google Scholar 

  8. Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo PW, Castillejos L, Ferret A (2007) Invited review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci 90:2580–2595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cardozo PW, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Kamel C (2005) Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J Anim Sci 83:2572–2579

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A (2006) Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. J Dairy Sci 89:2649–2658

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Losa R (2006) Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oils compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 132:186–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Martín-Tereso J, Ter Wijlen H (2008) In vitro evaluation of effects of ten essential oils at three doses on ruminal fermentation of high concentrate feedlot-type diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 145:259–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Davidson PM, Naidu AS (2000) Phyto-phenols. In: Naidu AS (ed) Natural food antimicrobial systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 265–293

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dorman HJD, Deans SG (2000) Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 88:308–316

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fraser GR, Chaves AV, Wang Y, McAllister TA, Beauchemin KA, Benchaar C (2007) Assessment of the effects of cinnamon leaf oil on rumen microbial fermentation using two continuous culture systems. J Dairy Sci 90:2315–2328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Giordani R, Regli P, Kaloustian J, Mikail C, Abou L, Portugal H (2004) Antifungal effects of various oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris. Phytother Res 18:990–995

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV (1999) Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol 86:985–990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hosoda K, Kuramoto K, Eruden B, Nishida T, Shioya S (2006) The effects of three herbs as feed supplements on blood metabolites, hormones, antioxidant activity, IgG concentration, and ruminal fermentation in Holstein steers. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 19:35–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. IPCC (2007) The scientific basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jackson W, Krishnamoorthy U, Robinson PH, Fadel JG (2010) Effect of changing partitioning factor (PF) and in vitro rate of gas production (k) of diets on intake and digestibility, microbial N production, as well as milk production and composition, of lactating crossbred dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 160:128–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Johnson KA, Johnson DE (1995) Methane emissions from cattle. J Anim Sci 73:2483–2492

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kamel C, Greathead HMR, Tejido ML, Ranilla MJ, Carro MD (2008) Effects of allicin and diallyl disulfide on in vitro rumen fermentation of a mixed diet. Anim Feed Sci Technol 145:351–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kim HO, Park SW, Park HD (2004) Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cinnamic aldehyde purified from Cinnamomum cassia shoot. Food Microbiol 21:105–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Macheboeuf D, Morgavi DP, Papon Y, Mousset J-L, Arturo-Schaan M (2008) Dose–response effects of essential oils on in vitro fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population. Anim Feed Sci Technol 145:335–350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. McIntosh FM, Williams P, Losa R, Wallace RJ, Beever DA, Newbold CJ (2003) Effect of essential oil on ruminal metabolism and their protein metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:5011–5014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Menke KH, Steingass H (1988) Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained by chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Develop 28:7–55

    Google Scholar 

  27. Patra AK, Kamra DN, Agarwal N (2010) Effects of extracts of spices on rumen methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feeds in vitro. J Sci Food Agric 90:511–520

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tiziana Barrata M, Damien Dorman HJ, Deans SG, Cristina Figueiredo A, Barroso JG, Ruberto G (1998) Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some commercial essential oils. Flavour Fragr J 13:235–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74:3583–3597

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Wallace RJ (2004) Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Proc Nutr Soc 63:621–629

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Walsh SE, Maillard JY, Russell AD, Catrenich CE, Charbonneau DL, Bartolo RG (2003) Activity and mechanisms of action of selected biocidal agents on gram-positive and -negative bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 94:240–427

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Wanapat M, Cherdthong A, Pakdee P, Wanapat S (2008) Manipulation of rumen ecology by dietary lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) powder supplementation. J Anim Sci 86:3497–3503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wheatherburn MW (1967) Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Anal Chem 39:971–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research Grant provided by NAIP, ICAR, New Delhi, is gratefully acknowledged and the senior author thanks Director, IVRI, Izatnagar for providing fellowship during the tenure of his PhD programme.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR National Professorial Chair, Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India

    Mahesh M. Pawar, D. N. Kamra, Neeta Agarwal & L. C. Chaudhary

Authors
  1. Mahesh M. Pawar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. N. Kamra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Neeta Agarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. L. C. Chaudhary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. N. Kamra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pawar, M.M., Kamra, D.N., Agarwal, N. et al. Effects of Essential Oils on In Vitro Methanogenesis and Feed Fermentation with Buffalo Rumen Liquor. Agric Res 3, 67–74 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-014-0092-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-014-0092-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation