Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of process variables for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Pycnoporus sanguineus using statistical experimental design

  • Original Article
  • Biochemistry/Molecular Biology
  • Published:
Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sequential optimization strategy based on statistical experimental design and one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method were employed to optimize the process parameters for the enhancement of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) production through biological synthesis using Pycnoporus sanguineus. Based on the OFAT method, three significant components influencing the size of AgNPs produced were identified as AgNO3 concentration, incubation temperature, and agitation speed. The optimum values of these process parameter for the synthesis of AgNPs were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design. The validity of the model developed was verified, and the statistical analysis showed that the optimum operating conditions were 0.001 M of AgNO3, 38°C, and 200 rpm with the smallest AgNPs produced at 14.86 nm. The disc diffusion method also suggested that AgNPs produced using optimum conditions have higher antimicrobial activity compared to the unoptimized AgNPs. The present study developed a robust operating condition for the production of AgNPs by P. sanguineus, which was 8.6-fold smaller than that obtained from un-optimized conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad A, Mukherjee P, Senapati S, Mandal D, Khan MI, Kumar R et al. (2003a) Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Colloids Surf B 28, 313–318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad A, Senapati S, Khan MI, Kumar R, and Sastry M (2003b) Extracellular biosnythesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles by a novel extremophilic actinomycete, Thermomonaspora sp. Langmuir 19, 3550–3553.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Thabaiti SA, Al-Nowaiser FM, Obaid AY, Al-Youbi AO, and Khan Z (2008) Formation and characterization of surfactant stabilized silver nanoparticles: A kinetic study. Colloids Surf B 67, 230–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anil Kumar S, Abyaneh MK, Gosavi SW, Kulkarni SK, Pasricha R, Ahmad A et al. (2007) Nitrate reductase-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles from AgNO3. Biotechnol Lett 29, 439–445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armenante PM and Nagamine EU (1998) Effect of low off-bottom impeller clearance on the minimum agitation speed for complete suspension of solids in stirred tanks. Chemical Eng Sci 53, 1757–1775.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balaji D, Basavaraja S, Deshpande R, Mahesh D, Prabhakar B, and Venkataraman A (2009) Extracellular biosynthesis of functionalized silver nanoparticles by strains of Cladosporium cladosporioides fungus. Colloids Surf B 68, 88–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beveridge TJ, Hughes MN, Lee H, Leung KT, Poole RK, Savvaidis I et al. (1996) Metal-Microbe Interactions: Contemporary Approaches. In Advances in Microbial Physiology. Poole RK (ed.), vol. 38, pp. 177–243. Academic Press, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhainsa KC and D’Souza SF (2006a) Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Colloids Surf B 47, 160–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhainsa KC and D’Souza SF (2006b) Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Colloids Surf B 47, 160–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brett DW (2006) A discussion of silver as an antimicrobial agent: alleviating the confusion. Ostomy Wound Manag 52, 34–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruins MR, Kapil S, and Oehme FW (2000) Microbial Resistance to Metals in the Environment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 45, 198–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan YS and Mashitah MD (2011) A Macro View of Bionanotechnology: Application and Implicatins in the Near Future. J Bionanoscience 5, 97–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan YS and Mashitah MD (2012) Instantaneous Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Selected Macro Fungi. J Basic Appl Sci 6, 222–226.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang JY, Chang JJ, Lo B, Tzing SH, and Ling YC (2003) Silver nanoparticles spontaneous organize into nanowires and nanobanners in supercritical water. Chem Phys Lett 379, 261–267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui ZG, Shi KZ, Cui YZ, and Binks BP (2008) Double phase inversion of emulsions stabilized by a mixture of CaCO3 nanoparticles and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Colloids Surf A 329, 67–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Assumpção TAA, da Silva DM, Kassab LRP, Martinelli JR, and de Araújo CB (2010) Influence of the temperature on the nucleation of silver nanoparticles in Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped PbO-GeO2 glasses. J Non-Cryst Solids 356, 2465–2467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duran N, Marcato PD, Alves OL, Souza GI, and Esposito E (2005) Mechanistic aspects of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by several Fusarium oxysporum strains. J Nanobiotechnology 3, 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gade AK, Bonde P, Ingle AP, Marcato PD, Durán N, and Rai MK (2008) Exploitation of Aspergillus niger for synthesis of silver nanopartices. J Biobased Mater Bio 2, 243–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greulich C, Diendorf J, Simon T, Eggeler G, Epple M, and Köller M (2011) Uptake and intracellular distribution of silver nanoparticles in human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 7, 347–354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunaraj V and Murugan N (1999) Application of response surface methodology for preducting weld base quality in submerged arc welding of pipes. J Mater Process Tech 88, 266–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurunathan S, Kalishwaralal K, Vaidyanathan R, Venkataraman D, Pandian SRK, Muniyandi J et al. (2009) Biosynthesis, purification and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Escherichia coli. Colloids Surf B 74, 328–335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hidalgo E and Dominguez C (1998) Study of cytotoxicity mechanisms of silver nitrate in human demal fibroblasts. Toxicol Lett 15, 169–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia H, Zeng J, Song W, An J, and Zhao B (2006) Preparation of silver nanoparticles by photo-reduction for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Thin Solid Films 496, 281–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalimuthu K, Babu RS, Venkataraman D, Bilal M, and Gurunathan S (2008) Biosynthesis of silver nanocrytals by Bacillus licheniformis. Colloids Surf B 65, 150–153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalishwaralal K, Deepak V, Ramkumarpandian S, Nellaiah H, and Sangiliyandi G (2008) Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by the culture supernatant of Bacillus licheniformis. Materials Lett 62, 4411–4413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan N, Mukunthan KS, and Balaji S (2011) A comparative study of morphology, reactivity and stability of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Colloids Surf B 86, 378–383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaviya S, Santhanalakshmi J, and Viswanathan B (2011) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract along with d-sorbitol study of antibacterial activity. J Nanotechnology 2012, ID 152970.

  • Khanna PK, Singh N, Charan S, Subbarao VVVS, Gokhale R, and Mulik UP (2005) Synthesis and characterization of Ag/PVA nanocomposite by chemical reduction method. Mater Chem Phys 93, 117–121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klaus-Joerger T, Joerger R, Olsson E, and Granqvist C-G (2001) Bacteria as workers in the living factory: metal-accumulating bacteria and their potential for materials science. Trends Biotechnol 19, 15–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korbekandi H, Iravan S, and Abbasi S (2012) Optimization of biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei. J Chem Technol Biot 87, 932–937.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long D, Wu G, and Chen S (2007) Preparation of oligochitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles by gamma irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem 76, 1126–1131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • López-Miranda A, López-Valdivieso A, and Viramontes-Gamboa G (2012) Silver nanoparticles synthesis in aqueous solutions using sulfite as reducing agent and sodium dodecyl sulfate as stabilizer. J Nanopart Res 14, 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JN, Lord CA, Yang XY, Turner EA, Badireddy AR, Marinakos SM et al. (2010) Intracellular uptake and associated toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aquat Toxicol 100, 140–150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed Fayaz A, Balaji K, Kalaichelvan PT, and Venkatesan R (2009) Fungal based synthesis of silver nanoparticles-An effect of temperature on the size of particles. Colloids Surf B 74, 123–126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mokhtari N, Daneshpajouh S, Seyedbagheri S, Atashdehghan R, Abdi K, Sarkar S et al. (2009) Biological synthesis of very small silver nanoparticles by culture supernatant of Klebsiella pneumonia: The effects of visible-light irradiation and the liquid mixing process. Mater Res Bull 44, 1415–1421.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morozkina E, Kurakov A, Nosikov A, Sapova E, and L’vov N (2005) Properties of nitrate reductase from Fusarium oxysporum 11dn1 fungi grown under aerobic and anaerobic condition. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 41, 292–297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muralidhar RV, Chirumamila RR, Marchant R, and Nigam P (2001) A response surface approach for the comparison of lipase production by Candida cylindracea using two different carbon sources. Biochem Eng J 9, 17–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabeel MA, Sastry KS, and Mohan PM (2005) Biosorption of silver ions by processed Aspergillus niger biomass. Biotechnol Lett 17, 551–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanda A and Saravanan M (2009) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Staphylococcus aureus and its antimicrobial activity against MRSA and MRSE. Nanomed-Nanotechnol 5, 452–456.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ottow JCG and von Klopotek A (1969) Enzymatic reduction of iron oxide by fungi. Appl Microbiol 18, 41–43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puchalski M, Kowalczyk PJ, Zasada I, Krukowski P, and Olejniczak W (2009) Alloying process at the interface of silver nanoparticles deposited on Au (1 1 1) substrate due to the high-temperature treatments. J Alloy Compd 481, 486–491.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai A, Singh AK, Ahmad A, and Sastry M (2006) Role of halide ions and temperature on the morphology of biologically synthesized gold nanotriangles. Langmuir 22, 736–741.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajesh Kumar R, Poornima Priyadharsani K, and Thamaraiselvi K (2012) Mycogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the Japanese environmental isolate Aspergillus tamarii. J Nanopart Res 14, 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao JP and Geckeler KE (2011) Polymer nanoparticles: Preparation techniques and size-control parameters. Prog Polyme Sci 36, 887–913.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy LVA, Wee Y-J, Yun J-S, and Ryu H-W (2008) Optimization of alkaline protease production by batch culture of Bacillus sp. RKY3 through Plackett-Burman and response surface methodological approaches. Bioresource Technol 99, 2242–2249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redinbaugh MG and Campbell WH (1985) Quaternary Structure and Composition of Squash NADH: Nitrate Reductase. J Biol Chem 260, 3380–3385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saad P, Flach CR, Walters RM, and Mendelsohn R (2012) Infrared spectroscopic studies of sodium dodecyl sulfate permeation and interaction with stratum corneum lipid in skin. Int J Cosmetic Sci 34, 36–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sathishkumar M, Sneha K, Won SW, Cho CW, Kim S, and Yun YS (2009) Cinnamon zeylanicum bark extract and powder mediated green synthesis of nano-crystalline silver particles and its bactericidal activity. Colloids Surf B 73, 332–338.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song JY, Jang H-K, and Kim BS (2009) Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Magnolia kobus and Diopyros kaki leaf extracts. Process Biochem 44, 1133–1138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souza Anderson S, dos Santos Walter N, and Ferreira Sergio L (2005) Application of Box-Behnken design in the optimization of an on-line pre-concentration system using knotted reactor for cadmium determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta B 607, 737–742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tavares P, Pereira AS, Moura JJG, and Moura I (2006) Metalloenzymes of the denitrification pathway. J Inorg Biochem 100, 2087–2100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vigneshwaran N, Ashtaputre NM, Varadarajan PV, Nachane RP, Paralikar KM, and Balasubramanya RH (2007) Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Mater Lett 61, 1413–1418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vigneshwaran N, Kathe AA, Varadarajan PV, Nachane RP, and Balasubramanya RH (2006) Biomimetics of silver nanoparticles by white rot fungus, Phaenerochaete chrysosporium. Colloids Surf B 53, 55–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan G, Du G, Li Y, Chen J, and Zhong J (2005) Enhancement of microbial transglutaminase production by Streptoverticillium mobaraense: application of a two-stage agitation speed control strategy. Process Biochem 40, 963–968.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu C, Zhou X, and Gu H (2010) Immobilization, direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin on colloidal silver nanoparticles-chitosan film. Electrochim Acta 55, 8738–8743.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Seberang Perai Selatan, Penang, Malaysia

    Yen San Chan & Mashitah Mat Don

Authors
  1. Yen San Chan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mashitah Mat Don
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mashitah Mat Don.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chan, Y.S., Don, M.M. Optimization of process variables for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Pycnoporus sanguineus using statistical experimental design. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 56, 11–20 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-012-2177-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-012-2177-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation