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Potential of anthracite, dolomite, limestone and pozzolan as reactive media for de-icing salt removal from road runoff

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Abstract

De-icing salt (NaCl) application is a common practice during winter road maintenance in northern countries, compromising ecosystem services. Ecoengineering facilities, including reactive filter beds, are becoming an effective strategy for road runoff management. Different materials (anthracite coal, dolomite, limestone, and pozzolan) were tested as reactive media of filter beds. Characterization showed that dolomite has the best physical properties (resistance to fragmentation, porosity) for filter bed construction and maintenance, followed by limestone. NaCl removal efficiency was investigated in batch at different concentrations (150–5000 mg L−1 Cl). Removal efficiency substantially varied depending on the element (Cl or Na), the material, and the added NaCl concentration. At the lowest NaCl concentration, Cl removal was higher onto anthracite (48 %) and dolomite (59 %); but greater Na removal was reached onto limestone (54 %) and pozzolan (67 %). At higher concentrations, Cl removal was similar (anthracite), decreased (dolomite), or increased (limestone, pozzolan); and Na removal increased (anthracite) or decreased (dolomite, limestone, pozzolan). Parallel experiments at 4 °C showed lower NaCl removal, anthracite being the most efficient. Practical applicability was evaluated in columns using synthetic runoff solution (NaCl and metals). NaCl removal efficiency was much lower in column assays with respect to batch. The highest NaCl removal was reached onto dolomite, followed by limestone. Metals were successfully removed, generally remaining over time in a wide range (41–89 % Cd, 78–97 % Ni, 44–88 % Cu, and 3–83 % Zn) depending on the material, being pozzolan the least efficient. Further studies including a combination of materials would be of high interest.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Autoroute du Sud de la France Company (ASF). The authors especially wish to thank Christophe Anzoras of Vinci Autoroutes–ASF for technical discussions on the results, Dr. Javier Pérez Esteban for his assistance in the data modelling, and Michel Bisping for his laboratory assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering and Water Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

    A. de Santiago-Martín, A. Michaux, G. Guesdon, B. Constantin & R. Galvez-Cloutier

  2. Vinci Autoroutes - Autoroute du Sud de la France, Direction Technique de l’Infrastructure, Paris, France

    M. Despréaux

Authors
  1. A. de Santiago-Martín
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  2. A. Michaux
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  3. G. Guesdon
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  4. B. Constantin
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  5. M. Despréaux
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  6. R. Galvez-Cloutier
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Correspondence to A. de Santiago-Martín.

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Editorial responsibiility: H. Pant.

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de Santiago-Martín, A., Michaux, A., Guesdon, G. et al. Potential of anthracite, dolomite, limestone and pozzolan as reactive media for de-icing salt removal from road runoff. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13, 2313–2324 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1085-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1085-1

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