Abstract
An oxidized mesoporous carbon material, modified with tetraethylenepentamine, has been developed as a highly efficient adsorbent for hexavalent chromium. Influence of parameters such as adsorbent dose (0.1–0.8 g L−1) solution pH (1–9), contact time, and initial concentration (100–1,000 mg L−1) on adsorption capacity has been investigated and optimized. The sorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min. The structural order and textural properties of the synthesized material were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The experimental results were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of 510 mg g−1 at an initial concentration of 1,000 mg L−1 is well predicted by the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was successfully fitted with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Compared to other adsorbents reported in the literature, the modified nanoporous carbon material prepared in this study is found to be highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ai Z, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Qiu J (2008) Efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution with Fe@Fe2O3 core-shell nanowires. Environ Sci Technol 42:6955–6960
Alidokht L, Khataee AR, Reyhanitabar A, Oustan S (2011) Reductive removal of Cr(VI) by starch-stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Desalination 270:105–110
Anbia M, Ghaffari A (2009) Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions using carbon nanoporous adsorbent coated with polymer. Appl Surf Sci 255:9487–9492
Anbia M, Mandegarzad S (2012) Enhanced hydrogen sorption on modified MIL-101 with Pt/CMK-3 by hydrogen spillover effect. J Alloys Compd 532(15):61–67
Anbia M, Mohammadi K (2009a) An effective method for removal of dichromate ion and furfural from aqueous solutions using a nanoporous adsorbent. Asian J Chem 21(5):3347–3354
Anbia M, Mohammadi N (2009b) A nanoporous adsorbent for the removal of furfural from aqueous solutions. Desalination 249:150–153
Anbia M, Parvin Z (2011) Desulfurization of fuels by means of a nanoporous carbon adsorbent. Chem Eng Res Des 89(6):64–647
Anbia M, Rofouei M, Husain SW (2006) Synthesis of mesoporous lanthanum phosphate and its use as a novel sorbent. Chin J Chem 24:1026–1030
Anbia M, Neyzehdar M, Ghaffarinejad A (2014) Humidity sensitive behavior of Fe(NO3)3-loaded mesoporous silica MCM-41. Sens Actuators B Chem 193:225–229
Baig SA, Wang Q, Lv X, Xu X (2013) Removal of hexavalent chromium by limonite in aqueous solutions. Hydrometallurgy 138:33–39
Bazuła PA, Lu AH, Nitz JJ, Schüth F (2008) Surface and pore structure modification of ordered mesoporous carbons via a chemical oxidation approach. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 108:266–275
Beck JS, Vartuli JC, Roth WJ, Leonowicz ME, Kresge CT, Schmitt KD, Chu CTW, Olson DH, Sheppard EW, McCullen SB, Higgins JB, Schlenker JL (1992) A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates. J Am Chem Soc 114:10834–10843
Bhatti MS, Reddy AS, Thukral AK (2009) Electrocoagulation removal of Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater using response surface methodology. J Hazard Mater 172:839–846
Cheng Q, Li C, Xu L, Li J, Zhai M (2011) Adsorption of Cr(VI) ions using the amphiphilic gels based on 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate modified with 1-bromoalkanes. Chem Eng J 173:42–48
Deng B, Alan TS (1996) Surface-catalyzed chromium(VI) reduction: reactivity comparisons of different organic reductants and different oxide surfaces. Environ Sci Technol 30:2484–2494
Diaz CEB, Lugo VL, Bilyeu B (2012) A review of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods for aqueous Cr(VI) reduction. J Hazard Mater 223–224:1–12
Donmez G, Aksu Z (2002) Removal of chromium(VI) from saline wastewaters by Dunaliella species. Process Biochem 38:751–762
Freundlich HMF (1906) Uber die adsorption in losungen. Z Phys Chem 57A:385–470
Ho YS, McKay G (1999) Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem 34(5):451–465
HosseiniAsl SM, Ahmadi M, Ghiasvand M, Tardast A, Katal R (2013) Artificial neural network (ANN) approach for modeling of Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by zeolite prepared from raw fly ash (ZFA). J Ind Eng Chem 19:1044–1055
Huang J, Zhang X, Bai L, Yuan S (2012) Polyphenylene sulfide based anion exchange fiber: synthesis, characterization and adsorption of Cr(VI). J Environ Sci 24:1433–1438
Jun S, Joo SH, Ryoo R, Kruk M, Jaroniec M, Liu Z, Ohsuna T, Terasaki O (2000) Synthesis of new nanoporous carbon with hexagonally ordered mesostructure. J Am Chem Soc 122:10712–10713
Kresge CT, Leonowicz ME, Roth WJ, Vartuli JC, Beck JS (1992) Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid–crystal template mechanism. Nature 359:710–712
Langmuir I (1916) The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. J Am Chem Soc 38(11):2221–2295
Li Q, Sun L, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Zhai J (2011) Characteristics of equilibrium, kinetics studies for adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) by polyaniline/humic acid composite. Desalination 266:188–194
Li Y, Zhu S, Liu Q, Chen Z, Gu J, Zhu C, Lu T, Zhang D, Ma J (2013) N-doped porous carbon with magnetic particles formed in situ for enhanced Cr(VI) removal. Water Res 47(12):4188–4197
Liu W, Zhang L, Zhang C, Ren L (2012) Preparation and evaluation of activated carbon-based iron-containing adsorbents for enhanced Cr(VI) removal: mechanism study. Chem Eng J 189–190:295–302
Malik PK (2003) Dye removal from wastewater using activated carbon developed from sawdust. Dyes Pigm 56:239–249
Mitra P, Sarkar D, Chakrabarti S, Dutta BK (2011) Reduction of hexa-valent chromium with zero-valent iron: batch kinetic studies and rate model. Chem Eng J 171:54–60
Olmez T (2009) The optimization of Cr(VI) reduction and removal by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology. J Hazard Mater 162:1371–1378
Ozdemir E, Duranŏglu D, Beker U, Avcı AO (2011) Process optimization for Cr(VI) adsorption onto activated carbons by experimental design. Chem Eng J 172:207–218
Robinson T, Chandran B, Nigam P (2002) Effect of pretreatments of three waste residues, wheat straw, corncobs and barely husks on dye adsorption. Bioresour Technol 85:119–124
Ryoo R, Joo SH, Jun S (1999) Synthesis of highly ordered carbon molecular sieves via template-mediated structural transformation. J Phys Chem B 103:7745–7746
Saeed A, Iqbal M (2003) Bioremoval of cadmium from aqueous solution by black gram husk (Cicerarientinum). Water Res 37:3472–3480
Shao Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Anpo M (2005) Synthesis of hydrothermally stable and long-range ordered Ce-MCM-48 and Fe-MCM-48 materials. J Phys Chem B 109(44):20835–20841
Tang WQ, Zeng RY, Feng YL, Li XM, Zhen W (2013) Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by nano-carbonate hydroxylapatite of different Ca/P molar ratios. Chem Eng J 223:340–346
Wang XS, Chen LF, Li FY, Chen KL, Wan WY, Tang YJ (2010) Removal of Cr(VI) with wheat-residue derived black carbon: reaction mechanism and adsorption performance. J Hazard Mater 175:816–822
Wang X, Liu J, Xu W (2012) One-step hydrothermal preparation of amino-functionalized carbon spheres at low temperature and their enhanced adsorption performance towards Cr(VI) for water purification. Colloids Surf A 415:288–294
Xi X, Guo X (2013) Preparation of bio-charcoal from sewage sludge and its performance on removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 183:26–30
Yoon J, Amy G, Chung J, Sohn J, Yoon Y (2009) Removal of toxic ions (chromate, arsenate, and perchlorate) using reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and ultrafiltration membranes. Chemosphere 77:228–235
Zhao Y, Yang Sh, Ding D, Chen J, Yang Y, Lei Z, Feng Ch, Zhang Z (2013) Effective adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using natural Akadama clay. J Colloid Interface Sci 395:198–204
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials (Iran University of Science and Technology), Nanotechnology Initiative Council, and Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University for considerable experimental help and laboratory support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghaffari, A., Husain, S.W., Tehrani, M.S. et al. Highly efficient adsorption of hexavalent chromium from the aqueous system using nanoporous carbon modified with tetraethylenepentamine. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12, 1835–1844 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0734-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0734-5