Abstract
In the present work, the cobalt catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by impregnation method in the presence and absence of magnetic field. The prepared catalysts were employed to yield higher hydrocarbons via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. It is explored that using magnetized water can effectively change the catalyst geometry in impregnation catalyst preparation method. For the preparation of different sizes of cobalt particles on the CNTs support, the physical properties of solvent (water) in impregnation process were changed using the magnetizing process. The results showed that the average particle sizes of impregnated cobalt nanoparticles were decreased by using magnetized water in impregnation step. In addition, in the magnetized treated cobalt catalyst, the cobalt particles mostly dispersed outside the tubes because the capillary forces decreased by reducing water surface tension. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that the probability of chain growth (α) and selectivity to heavier hydrocarbons increased in magnetized water treatment catalysts.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.P. Van Der Laan, A.A.C.M. Beenackers, Kinetics and selectivity of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: a literature review. Catal. Rev. 41, 255–318 (1999)
A. Nakhaei Pour, M.R. Housaindokht, J. Zarkesh, M. Irani, E.G. Babakhani, Kinetics study of CO hydrogenation on a precipitated iron catalyst. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 18, 597–603 (2012)
A.Nakhaei Pour, H. Khodabandeh, M. Izadyar, M.R. Housaindokht, Mechanistic double ASF product distribution study of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on precipitated iron catalyst. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 15, 53–58 (2013)
M.E. Dry, Fischer Tropsch Technology in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, ed. by S. André, D. Mark (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004), pp. 533–600
W. Ma, G. Jacobs, D.E. Sparks, M.K. Gnanamani, V.R.R. Pendyala, C.H. Yen et al., Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: support and cobalt cluster size effects on kinetics over Co/Al2O3 and Co/SiO2 catalysts. Fuel 90, 756–765 (2011)
A.Nakhaei Pour, M. Housaindokht, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over CNT supported cobalt catalysts: role of metal nanoparticle size on catalyst activity and products selectivity. Catal. Lett. 143, 1328–1338 (2013)
A.Y. Khodakov, W. Chu, P. Fongarland, Advances in the development of novel cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts for synthesis of long-chain hydrocarbons and clean fuels. Chem. Rev. 107, 1692–1744 (2007)
E. Iglesia, Design, synthesis, and use of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts. Appl. Catal. A 161, 59–78 (1997)
A. Tavasoli, A.Nakhaei Pour, M.G. Ahangari, Kinetics and product distribution studies on ruthenium-promoted cobalt/alumina Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst. J. Nat. Gas Chem. 19, 653–659 (2010)
D. Schanke, A. Hilmen, E. Bergene, K. Kinnari, E. Rytter, E. Ådnanes et al., Study of the deactivation mechanism of Al2O3-supported cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts. Catal. Lett. 34, 269–284 (1995)
W. Chu, P.A. Chernavskii, L. Gengembre, G.A. Pankina, P. Fongarland, A.Y. Khodakov, Cobalt species in promoted cobalt alumina-supported Fischer–Tropsch catalysts. J. Catal. 252, 215–230 (2007)
A. Karimi, A.Nakhaei Pour, F. Torabi, B. Hatami, A. Tavasoli, M.R. Alaei et al., Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over ruthenium-promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst with different reduction procedures. J. Nat. Gas Chem. 19, 503–508 (2010)
H. Dai, Carbon nanotubes: opportunities and challenges. Surf. Sci. 500, 218–241 (2002)
A. Tavasoli, K. Sadagiani, F. Khorashe, A.A. Seifkordi, A.A. Rohani, A.Nakhaei Pour, Cobalt supported on carbon nanotubes—a promising novel Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst. Fuel Process. Technol. 89, 491–498 (2008)
A.Nakhaei Pour, E. Hosaini, A. Tavasoli, A. Behroozsarand, F. Dolati, Intrinsic kinetics of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over Co/CNTs catalyst: effects of metallic cobalt particle size. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 21, 772–778 (2014)
A.Nakhaei Pour, S.A. Taheri, S. Anahid, B. Hatami, A. Tavasoli, Deactivation studies of Co/CNTs catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 18, 104–111 (2014)
A.Nakhaei Pour, E. Hosaini, M. Izadyar, M.R. Housaindokht, Particle size effects in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis by Co catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes. Chin. J. Catal. 36, 1372–1378 (2015)
M.N. Tchoul, W.T. Ford, G. Lolli, D.E. Resasco, S. Arepalli, Effect of mild nitric acid oxidation on dispersibility, size, and structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem. Mater. 19, 5765–5772 (2007)
A. Karimi, B. Nasernejad, A.M. Rashidi, A. Tavasoli, M. Pourkhalil, Functional group effect on carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported cobalt catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis activity, selectivity and stability. Fuel 117, 1045–1051 (2014)
A.J. Van Dillen, R.J. Terörde, D.J. Lensveld, J.W. Geus, K.P. De Jong, Synthesis of supported catalysts by impregnation and drying using aqueous chelated metal complexes. J. Catal. 216, 257–264 (2003)
F. Pinna, Supported metal catalysts preparation. Catal. Today 41, 129–137 (1998)
R. Cai, H. Yang, J. He, W. Zhu, The effects of magnetic fields on water molecular hydrogen bonds. J. Mol. Struct. 938, 15–19 (2009)
K.-T. Chang, C.-I. Weng, The effect of an external magnetic field on the structure of liquid water using molecular dynamics simulation. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 043917 (2006)
H. Hosoda, H. Mori, N. Sogoshi, A. Nagasawa, S. Nakabayashi, Refractive indices of water and aqueous electrolyte solutions under high magnetic fields. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 1461–1464 (2004)
B. Bazubandi, E. Moaseri, M. Baniadam, M. Maghrebi, M. Gholizadeh, Fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube thin films via electrophoretic deposition process: effect of water magnetization on deposition efficiency. Appl. Phys. A 120, 495–502 (2015)
M.H.R. Mohassel, A. Aliverdi, R. Ghorbani, Effects of a magnetic field and adjuvant in the efficacy of cycloxydim and clodinafop-propargyl on the control of wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Biol. Manag. 9, 300–306 (2009)
J. Vanhanen, A.-P. Hyvärinen, T. Anttila, T. Raatikainen, Y. Viisanen, H. Lihavainen, Ternary solution of sodium chloride, succinic acid and water; surface tension and its influence on cloud droplet activation. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 4595–4604 (2008)
A.Nakhaei Pour, E. Hosaini, M. Feyzi, Prediction of cobalt particle size during catalyst deactivation in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 13, 139–147 (2016)
Ø. Borg, S. Eri, E.A. Blekkan, S. Storsæter, H. Wigum, E. Rytter et al., Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over γ-alumina-supported cobalt catalysts: effect of support variables. J. Catal. 248, 89–100 (2007)
Y.I. Cho, S.-H. Lee, Reduction in the surface tension of water due to physical water treatment for fouling control in heat exchangers. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 32, 1–9 (2005)
M. Trépanier, A.K. Dalai, N. Abatzoglou, Synthesis of CNT-supported cobalt nanoparticle catalysts using a microemulsion technique: role of nanoparticle size on reducibility, activity and selectivity in Fischer–Tropsch reactions. Appl. Catal. A 374, 79–86 (2010)
M. Chougule, S. Pawar, P. Godse, R. Sakhare, S. Sen, V. Patil, Sol–gel derived Co3O4 thin films: effect of annealing on structural, morphological and optoelectronic properties. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 23, 772–778 (2012)
M. Davari, S. Karimi, A. Tavasoli, A. Karimi, Enhancement of activity, selectivity and stability of CNTs-supported cobalt catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch via CNTs functionalization. Appl. Catal. A 485, 133–142 (2014)
D.Tasis, N. Tagmatarchis, A. Bianco, M. Prato, Chemistry of carbon nanotubes, Chemical reviews, 106, 1105–1136 (2006)
J.-P. Tessonnier, O. Ersen, G. Weinberg, C. Pham-Huu, D.S. Su, R. Schlogl, Selective deposition of metal nanoparticles inside or outside multiwalled carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 3, 2081–2089 (2009)
P. Serp, E. Castillejos, Catalysis in carbon nanotubes. ChemCatChem 2, 41–47 (2010)
R. Maatman, C. Prater, Adsorption and exclusion in impregnation of porous catalytic supports. Ind. Eng. Chem. 49, 253–257 (1957)
A.Nakhaei Pour, M. Housaindokht, H. Monhemi, Effect of solvent surface tension on the radius of hematite nanoparticles. Colloid J. 76, 782–787 (2014)
B. Billia, R. Trivedi, D. Hurle, Handbook of Crystal Growth, vol. 1B (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1993)
G.L. Bezemer, A. van Laak, A.J. van Dillen, K.P. de Jong, Cobalt supported on carbon nanofibers—a promising novel Fischer–Tropsch catalyst, in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, ed. by B. Xinhe, X. Yide (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004), pp. 259–264
W. Chen, X. Pan, X. Bao, Tuning of redox properties of iron and iron oxides via encapsulation within carbon nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 7421–7426 (2007)
W. Chen, Z. Fan, X. Pan, X. Bao, Effect of confinement in carbon nanotubes on the activity of Fischer–Tropsch iron catalyst. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 9414–9419 (2008)
I. Alstrup, I. Chorkendorff, R. Candia, B.S. Clausen, H. Topsøe, A combined X-ray photoelectron and Mössbauer emission spectroscopy study of the state of cobalt in sulfided, supported, and unsupported Co–Mo catalysts. J. Catal. 77, 397–409 (1982)
A.Y. Khodakov, A. Griboval-Constant, R. Bechara, V.L. Zholobenko, Pore size effects in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over cobalt-supported mesoporous silicas. J. Catal. 206, 230–241 (2002)
Y. Yang, L. Jia, B. Hou, D. Li, J. Wang, Y. Sun, The correlation of interfacial interaction and catalytic performance of N-doped mesoporous carbon supported cobalt nanoparticles for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 268–277 (2013)
J. Xiong, Ø. Borg, E.A. Blekkan, A. Holmen, Hydrogen chemisorption on rhenium-promoted γ-alumina supported cobalt catalysts. Catal. Commun. 9, 2327–2330 (2008)
G.L. Bezemer, J.H. Bitter, H.P.C.E. Kuipers, H. Oosterbeek, J.E. Holewijn, X. Xu et al., Cobalt particle size effects in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction studied with carbon nanofiber supported catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 3956–3964 (2006)
H. Hayashi, L.Z. Chen, T. Tago, M. Kishida, K. Wakabayashi, Catalytic properties of Fe/SiO2 catalysts prepared using microemulsion for CO hydrogenation. Appl. Catal. A 231, 81–89 (2002)
Ø. Borg, P.D.C. Dietzel, A.I. Spjelkavik, E.Z. Tveten, J.C. Walmsley, S. Diplas et al., Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: cobalt particle size and support effects on intrinsic activity and product distribution. J. Catal. 259, 161–164 (2008)
M. Trépanier, A. Tavasoli, A.K. Dalai, N. Abatzoglou, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over carbon nanotubes supported cobalt catalysts in a fixed bed reactor: influence of acid treatment. Fuel Process. Technol. 90, 367–374 (2009)
Ø. Borg, N. Hammer, S. Eri, O.A. Lindvåg, R. Myrstad, E.A. Blekkan et al., Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over un-promoted and Re-promoted γ-Al2O3 supported cobalt catalysts with different pore sizes. Catal. Today 142, 70–77 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nakhaei Pour, A., Karimi, J., Taghipoor, S. et al. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over CNT-supported cobalt catalyst: effect of magnetic field. J IRAN CHEM SOC 14, 1477–1488 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-017-1088-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-017-1088-y