Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Thal silica sand nanoparticles and glass fiber reinforcements on epoxy-based hybrid composite

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Iranian Polymer Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Epoxy is a hard, brittle but strong polymeric material and various types of research works are being carried out to exploit its unique properties in commercial service particularly as composite materials. One of these researches is to study the effect of addition of Thal silica sand nanoparticles and glass fiber on epoxy-based hybrid composites. The silica sand was collected from Thal desert situated in Punjab province of Pakistan, milled to nanoparticles using a ball mill. The production of silica sand nanoparticles was verified using a Zeta sizer nanoparticles analyzer and SEM analysis. These silica sand nanoparticles were utilized to develop the epoxy-based composites. The glass fibers were cut into small pieces of 2 cm in length and thoroughly mixed with epoxy along with silica sand nanoparticles. Hand-lay-up fabrication technique was proceeded by room temperature curing which was used to develop the epoxy-based hybrid composites. The tensile and impact specimens were made according to ASTM standard and tested using universal tensile testing and charpy impact testing machines. A Vickers hardness tester, applying 50 g load for 10 s, was used to determine the hardness of the composites. The thermo-gravimetric analysis was carried out to analyze the thermal behavior of the composites particularly to evaluate mass loss or gain due to decomposition and oxidation using TGA apparatus. The interaction of glass fiber and silica sand nanoparticles with epoxy was studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that with increasing silica sand nanoparticles and glass fiber contents, the hardness, tensile, and impact properties of the epoxy-based hybrid composites increased. The TGA results showed that the developed hybrid composites became stable at 300 °C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tamer S, Egemen A, Mustafa OB, Onur C (2011) A review: fiber metal laminates, background, bonding types and applied test methods. Mater Des 32:3671–3685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Devendra K, Rangaswamy T (2012) Evaluation of thermal properties of E-glass/epoxy composites filled by different filler materials. IJCER 2:1708–1714

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gao Shang-Lin, Madre Edith (2002) Characterization of inter-phase nano-scale property variation in glass fiber reinforced polypropylene and epoxy resin composites. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 33:559–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Katja KN, Lippo VJ, Lassila, Vallittu PK (2005) Flexural fatigue of denture base polymer with fiber-reinforced composite reinforcement. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 36:1275–1281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Vallittu PK (1997) Glass fiber reinforcement in repaired acrylic resin removabledentures: preliminary results of a clinical study. Quint Int 28:39–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Narva K, Vallittu PK, Helenius H, Yli-Urpo A (2001) Clinical survey of acrylic resin removable denture repairs with glass–fiber reinforcement. Int J Prosthodont 14:219–224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Boger L, Sumfleth J, Hedemann H, Schulte K (2010) Improvement of fatigue life by incorporation of nanoparticles in glass fiber reinforced epoxy. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 41:1419–1424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jia Xiaolong, Li Gang, Liu Baiyang, Luo Yuming, Yang Gang, Yang Xiaoping (2013) Multiscale reinforcement and interfacial strengthening on epoxy-based composites by silica nanoparticle-multiwalled carbon nanotube complex. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 48:101–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Toldy B, Szolnoki Marosi Gy (2011) Flame retardancy of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites for aerospace applications. Polym Degrad Stab 96:371–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ashraf R, Kausar A, Siddiq M (2014) High-performance polymer/nanodiamond composites: synthesis and properties. Iran Polym J 23:531–545

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen s, Gao J, Han H, Wang C (2014) Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy-POSS reinforced-(biphenyl diol formaldehyde/epoxy hybrid resin) composites. Iran Polym J 23:609–617

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hesami M, Bagheri R, Masoomi M (2014) Combination effects of carbon nanotubes MMT and phosphorus flame retardant on fire and thermal resistance of fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Iran Polym J 23:469–476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bharamian AR, Sadat Ahamdi L, Kokabi M (2014) Performance evaluation of polymer/clay nanocomposite thermal protection systems based on polyethylene glycol phase change material. Iran Polym J 23:163–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rajabi L, Marzban M, Ashraf Derakhshan A (2014) Epoxy/alumoxane and epoxy/boehmite nanocomposites: cure behavior, thermal stability, hardness and fracture surface morphology. Iran Polym J 23:203–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Tahir A, Othman M (2011) The development and characterization of HDPE- silica sand nanoparticles composites, IEEE CHUSER 5–6th December, Penang

  16. Tahir A, Othman M, Rafiq A (2013) Studying the effect of adding silica sand nanoparticles epoxy based composites. J Nanoparticles 2013:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ke YC, Stroeve P (2005) Polymer–layered silicate and silica nanocomposites. Elsevier, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang G, Rasheva Z, Karger J, Burkhart T (2011) Synergetic role of nanoparticles and micro-scale short carbon fibers on the mechanical profiles of epoxy resin. Express Polym Lett 5:859–872

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Luo Jyi-Jiin, Isaac MD (2003) Characterization and modeling of mechanical behavior of polymer/clay nanocomposites. Compos Sci and Technol 63:1607–1616

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the University of the Punjab Lahore for providing necessary supports in completing this research. This research is funded by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) under the StartUp Research Program 2013.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Tahir Ahmad, Rafiq Ahmad, Muhammad Kamran, Imran Shakoor, Faraz Hussain, Farhad Riaz, Zuhaib Jamil, Sirjeel Isaac & Qaiser Ashraf

  2. Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

    Bambang Wahjoedi

Authors
  1. Tahir Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rafiq Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad Kamran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bambang Wahjoedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Imran Shakoor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Faraz Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Farhad Riaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Zuhaib Jamil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Sirjeel Isaac
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Qaiser Ashraf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tahir Ahmad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmad, T., Ahmad, R., Kamran, M. et al. Effect of Thal silica sand nanoparticles and glass fiber reinforcements on epoxy-based hybrid composite. Iran Polym J 24, 21–27 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-014-0296-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-014-0296-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation