Abstract
Bhendi/Okra, a common vegetable in the Indian subcontinent, is highly susceptible to the viral disease Bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease (BYVMD), resulting in considerable yield loss to the crop. As a first step towards formulating novel strategies against BYVMD, the identities of the viruses and associated satellite molecules were investigated in BYVMD-affected okra leaf samples taken from ten widely separated locations in India. The amplified nucleotide sequence representing the viral coat protein from the samples indicated the presence of the begomoviruses Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) in seven and Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV) in three samples. Subsequent analysis of the full-length viral sequences revealed the presence of a recombinant viral DNA, having MeYVMV and Malvastrum yellow vein Yunnan virus (MYVYNV), a virus not previously reported from India, as parents. Betasatellite sequences were very similar to previous reports. Analysis of the symptomatic samples by Rolling circle amplification showed, in addition to BYVMV-like sequences, begomoviral sequences reported earlier from cotton and mint and alphasatellites reported previously from cotton and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba were also present. This study indicated that the diversity of begomoviruses and satellites associated with BYVMD is much higher than previously thought.
Abbreviations
- BYVMV:
-
Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus
- CP:
-
Coat protein
- MYVYNV:
-
Malvastrum yellow vein Yunnan virus
- MeYVMV:
-
Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus
- OELCuV:
-
Okra enation leaf curl virus
- RCA:
-
Rolling circle amplification
References
Akhtar S, Khan AJ, Singh AS, Briddon RW (2014) Identification of a disease complex involving a novel monopartite begomovirus with beta- and alphasatellites associated with okra leaf curl disease in Oman. Arch Virol 159:1199–1205
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410
Briddon RW, Bull SE, Amin I, Mansoor S, Bedford ID, Rishi N, Siwatch SS, Zafar Y, Abdel-Salam AM, Markham PG (2004) Diversity of DNA 1: a satellite-like molecule associated with monopartite begomovirus-DNA beta complexes. Virology 324:462–474
Briddon RW, Bull SE, Mansoor S, Amin I, Markham PG (2002) Universal primers for the PCR-mediated amplification of DNA β. Mol Biotechnol 20:315–318
Chandran SA, Packialakshmi RM, Subhalakshmi K, Prakash C, Poovannan K, Prabu AN, Gopal P, Usha R (2013) First report of an alphasatellite associated with Okra enation leaf curl virus. Virus Genes 46:585–587
Fondong VN (2013) Geminivirus protein structure and function. Mol Plant Pathol 14:635–649
Ghosh R, Paul S, Ghosh SK, Roy A (2009) An improved method of DNA isolation suitable for PCR-based detection of begomoviruses from jute and other mucilaginous plants. J Virol Methods 159:34–39
Gronenborn B (2004) Nanoviruses: genome organisation and protein function. Vet Microbiol 98:103–109
Haible D, Kober S, Jeske H (2006) Rolling circle amplification revolutionizes diagnosis and genomics of geminiviruses. J Virol Methods 135:9–16
Heath L, van der Walt E, Varsani A, Martin DP (2006) Recombination patterns in aphthoviruses mirror those found in other picornaviruses. J Virol 80:11827–11832
Idris AM, Shahid MS, Briddon RW, Khan AJ, Zhu JK, Brown JK (2011) An unusual alphasatellite associated with monopartite begomoviruses attenuates symptoms and reduces betasatellite accumulation. J Gen Virol 92:706–717
Jiang T, Zhou X (2005) Molecular characterization of a distinct begomovirus species and its associated satellite DNA isolated from Malvastrum coromandelianum in China. Virus Genes 31:43–48
Jose J, Usha R (2003) Bhendi yellow vein Mosaic disease in india is caused by association of a DNA β satellite with a begomovirus. Virology 305:310–317
Kumar J, Kumar A, Roy JK, Tuli R, Khan JA (2010) Identification and molecular characterization of begomovirus and associated satellite DNA molecules infecting Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Virus Genes 41:118–125
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP et al (2007) Clustal W and clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947–2948
Leke WN, Sattar MN, Ngane EB, Ngeve JM, Kvarnheden A, Brown JK (2013) Molecular characterization of begomoviruses and DNA satellites associated with okra leaf curl disease in Cameroon. Virus Res 174:116–125
Mansoor S, Khan SH, Bashir A, Zafar Y, Malik KA, Briddon RW, Stanley J, Markham PG (1999) Identification of a novel circular single-stranded DNA associated with cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. Virology 259:190–199
Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS, Nahid N, Mansoor S, Briddon RW, Fauquet CM (2010) Post-transcriptional gene silencing suppressor activity of two non-pathogenic alphasatellites associated with a begomovirus. Virology 405:300–308
Saeed M, Behjatnia SAA, Mansoor S, Zafar Y, Hasnain S, Rezaian MA (2005) A single complementary-sense transcript of a geminiviral DNA β satellite is determinant of pathogenicity. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 18:7–14
Sanz AI, Fraile A, García-Arenal F, Zhou X, Robinson DJ, Khalid S, Butt T, Harrison BD (2000) Multiple infection, recombination and genome relationships among begomovirus isolates found in cotton and other plants in Pakistan. J Gen Virol 81:1839–1849
Saunders K, Norman A, Gucciardo S, Stanley J (2004) The DNA beta satellite component associated with ageratum yellow vein disease encodes an essential pathogenicity protein (betaC1). Virology 324:37–47
Taware SD, Thengane RJ, Harke SN, Taware AS (2010) Genome sequence analysis of DNA-A from okra yellow vein mosaic virus isolates. Int J Curr Res 8:096–107
Tiendrébéogo F, Lefeuvre P, Hoareau M, Villemot J, Konaté G, Traoré AS, Barro N, Traoré VS, Reynaud B, Traoré O, Lett JM (2010) Molecular diversity of cotton leaf curl Gezira virus isolates and their satellite DNAs associated with okra leaf curl disease in Burkina Faso. Virol J 7:1–10
Venkataravanappa V, Reddy CNL, Jalali S, Krishna Reddy MK (2012) Molecular characterization of distinct bipartite begomovirus infecting bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in India. Virus Genes 44:522–535
Venkataravanappa V, Reddy CNL, Jalali S, Reddy MK (2013) Molecular characterization of a new species of begomovirus associated with yellow vein mosaic of bhendi (Okra) in Bhubaneswar, India. Eur J Plant Pathol 136:811–822
Zaffalon V, Mukherjee SK, Reddy VS, Thompson JR, Tepfer M (2012) A survey of geminiviruses and associated satellite DNAs in the cotton-growing areas of northwestern India. Arch Virol 157:483–495
Acknowledgments
This work was funded jointly by grants provided by University of Delhi and Bejo Sheetal Seeds, Jalna, Maharashtra. RR acknowledges the research fellowship provided by CSIR, New Delhi. The authors confirm that there are no potential conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rishishwar, R., Mazumdar, B. & Dasgupta, I. Diverse and recombinant begomoviruses and various satellites are associated with Bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease of okra in India. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 24, 470–475 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-015-0305-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-015-0305-y