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Unités mobiles d’assistance circulatoire

ECMO mobile units

  • Référentiel / Guidelines
  • Published:
Réanimation

Résumé

Le terme d’unité mobile d’assistance circulatoire (UMAC) définit une structure capable de dépêcher en urgence une équipe pour implanter une extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) et de rapatrier le patient après stabilisation dans une unité de réanimation référente. L’activité d’UMAC se développe progressivement sur tout le territoire. Un fonctionnement impliquant chirurgien cardiaque et perfusionniste, moyens du service d’aide médicale urgente (Samu) et souvent anesthésiste-réanimateur est le socle le plus souvent retenu à cette organisation. Le matériel d’ECMO et de réanimations adaptées doivent être prêts en permanence. L’information des hôpitaux susceptibles de faire appel à l’UMAC doit contenir les indications et contre-indications retenues par l’UMAC et insister sur l’importance d’une mise en relation précoce dans l’évolution de la pathologie. Les arguments majeurs pour soutenir la mise en place régionale de ces unités plutôt qu’un développement anarchique de l’activité d’ECMO sont nombreux : le faible nombre de patients concernés et les impératifs techniques de pose et surveillance, justifiant leur regroupement ; les coûts importants liés à l’activité d’ECMO, justifiant sa rationalisation ; l’expérience rapportée des équipes montrant que le transport des patients sous ECMO ne se complique qu’exceptionnellement ; enfin, la motivation des équipes des centres hospitalo-universitaires pour cette activité. La structuration des UMAC en réseau national offrirait un maillage national du territoire qui permettrait la prise en charge efficace en tout point du territoire d’un patient requérant une assistance, par des équipes spécialisées, avec des indications raisonnées et pour un coût acceptable pour la société. La pérennisation de ces unités mobiles passera par la labellisation de ces structures ainsi que par l’obtention de moyens adaptés.

Abstract

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) mobile units are structures capable of transporting a team in emergency beyond its original hospital to initiate ECMO and generally transporting back the patient to the referral ECMO center immediately after stabilization on ECMO. The ECMO mobile unit activity is gradually developing in France. The association of one cardiac surgeon, one perfusionist, the prehospital medical services (Samu), and often intensivists from the referral ECMO center represents the prerequisit basis for this team. The ECMO and resuscitation equipment should always be ready on time. Information of hospitals likely to call the ECMO mobile units should include ECMO indications and contra-indications and emphasize the importance of early calls in the patient’s medical history. The major reasons for the development of regional units rather than an anarchic progress in ECMO activity are numerous, including the small number of involved patients; the technical requirements for ECMO implementation and monitoring, justifying the patient referral; the important costs of this activity, justifying its rationalization; the studies showing that transport of patients on ECMO is exceptionally difficult and finally the existence of teams motivated by this activity. Sustainability of ECMO mobile units requires labeling and suitable funding.

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Correspondence to A. Roch.

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Roch, A., Lebreton, G. & Papazian, L. Unités mobiles d’assistance circulatoire. Réanimation 22 (Suppl 3), 663–672 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-014-0877-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-014-0877-x

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