Skip to main content
Log in

Moderation effect of gender on workplace spirituality and commitment relationship: case of Indonesian ethics

  • Published:
Asian Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As a common and important construct, numerous studies investigated factors that influence commitment. However, few scholars promoted ethical issues on commitment antecedents. This study investigates moderation effect of gender on the relationship between workplace spirituality and commitment. The result shows that workplace spirituality affects commitment significantly, and males are found to have a stronger effect of workplace spirituality on commitment rather than females. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: a theory of gendered organizations. Gender and Society, 4, 139–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, K. Z., & Abu bakar, R. (2003). The association between training and organizational commitment among white workers in Malaysia. International Journal of Training and Development, 7(3), 166–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1996). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: an examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49(3), 252–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (2000). Construct validation in organizational behavior research: the case of organizational commitment. In R. D. Goffin & E. Helmes (Eds.), Problems and solutions in human assessment: Honoring Douglas N Jackson at Seventy (pp. 285–314). Norwell: Kluwer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. R. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angle, H. L., & Perry, J. (1981). An empirical assessment of organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baghat, P. S., & Williams, J. D. (2008). Understanding gender differences in professional service relationships. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(1), 16–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernardi, R. A., & Guptil, S. T. (2008). Social desirability response bias, gender, and factors influencing organizational commitment: An international study. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(4), 797–809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables, Wiley series in probability and mathematical statistics, Applied probability and statistics section. Oxford: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods Research, 21(2), 230–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, B. M. (1998). Structural equation modeling: basic concepts, application, and programming. Mahwah: Lawrence Earlbaum Associated, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppe, R. (2000). Creating spirit at work: Re-visioning organization development and leadership—Part I. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 21(1), 48–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carole, L. J., & Robert, A. G. (2004). A values framework for measuring the impact of workplace spirituality on organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 49(2), 129–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, G. W. (1999). Multifaceted conceptions of self-other ratings disagreement. Personnel Psychology, 52(1), 1–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J. (1991). Methodological study—A personal retrospective. In Brennan, Robert L., 2001, An essay on the history and future of reliability from the perspective of replications. Journal of Educational Measurement, 38(4).

  • Daniel, J. L. (2010). The effect of workplace spirituality on team effectiveness. Journal of Management Development, 29(5), 442–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P. J. (1999). Gender differences in autobiographical memory for childhood emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 498–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, S. C. (2003). If you can use them: Flexibility policies, organizational commitment, and perceived performance. Industrial Relations, 42(2), 145–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erben, G. S., & Guneser, A. B. (2008). The relationship between paternalistic leadership and organizational commitment: Investigating the role. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 955–968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filipova, A. A. (2011). Relationships among ethical climates, perceived organizational support, and intent-to-leave for licensed nurses in skilled nursing facilities. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 30(1), 44–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835–862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu, W., & Deshpande, S. P. (2012). Antecedents of organizational commitment in a Chinese construction company. Journal of Business Ethics, 109, 301–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerbing, D. W., Hamilton, J. G., & Freeman, E. B. (1994). A large-scale second-order structural equation model of the influence of management participation on organizational planning benefits. Journal of Management, 20(4), 859–885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. New York: M.E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gifford, B. D., Zammuto, R. F., Goodman, E. A., & Hill, K. S. (2002). The relationship between hospital unit culture and nurses’ quality of work life. Journal of Healthcare Management, 47(1), 13–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haswell, S., Jubb, P., & Wearing, B. (1999). Accounting students and cheating: A comparative study for Australia, South Africa and the UK. Teaching Business Ethics, 3(3), 211–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hochwater, W. A., Pearson, A. W., Ferris, G. R., Perrewe, P. L., & Ralston, D. A. (2000). A reexamination of Schriesheim and Hinkin’s (1990) measure of upward influence. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(5), 755–771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, D. L., Gillaspy, J. A., & Purc-Stephenson, R. (2009). Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: An overview and some recommendations. Psychological Methods, 14(1), 6–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koufteros, X., Babbar, S., & Kaighobadi, M. (2009). A paradigm for examining second-order factor models employing structural equation modeling. International Journal Production Economics, 120, 633–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lok, P., & Crawford, J. (2001). Antecedents of organizational commitment and the mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(8), 594–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lysonski, S., & Gaidis, W. (1991). A cross-cultural comparison of the ethics of business students. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(2), 141–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcoulides, G. A., & Schumacker, R. E. (Eds.). (1996). Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. (1985). Application of confirmatory factor analysis of the study of selfconcept: first and higher order factor models and their invariance across groups. Psychological Bulletin, 97(3), 562–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupation: Extension and test of a three component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers-Levy, J., & Maheswaran, D. (1991). Exploring differences in males and females’ processing strategies. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(1), 63–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndubisi, N. O. (2006). Effect of gender on customer loyalty: A relationship marketing approach. Marketing Intelligence & Planning Bradford, 24(1), 48. 14 pgs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Opayemi, A. S. (2004). Personal attributes and organizational commitment among Nigerian police officers. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 7(2), 251–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popoola, S. O. (2009). Organizational commitment of records management personnel in Nigerian private universities. Records Management Journal, 19(3), 204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qualls, W. J. (1987). Household decision behavior: The impact of husbands and wives sex role orientation. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(2), 264–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rashid, M. Z. A., Sambasivan, M., & Johari, J. (2003). The influence of corporate culture and organizational commitment on performance. Journal of Management Development, 22(8), 708–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rego, A., & Cunha, M. P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rindskopf, D., & Rose, T. (1988). Some theory and applications of confirmatory second-order factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 23(1), 51–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahay, A., Sharma, N., & Mehta, K. (2012). Role of affect and cognition in consumer brand relationship: Exploring gender differences. Journal of Indian Business Research, 4(1), 36–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheep, M. L. (2006). Nurturing the whole person: The ethics of workplace spirituality in a society of organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(4), 357–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solinger, O. N., Olffen, W. R., & Robert, A. (2008). Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 70–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steenkamp, E. M., & van Trijp, H. (1991). The use of LISREL in validating marketing constructs. International Journal of Research Marketing, 8(4), 283–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(2), 173–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strack, G., Fottler, M. D., Wheatley, M. J., & Sodomka, P. (2002). Spirituality and effective leadership in healthcare: Is there a combination? Frontiers of Health Services Management, 18(4), 3–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ullman, J. B. (2001). Structural equation modeling. In B. G. Tabachnick & L. S. Fidell (Eds.), Using multivariate statistics (4th ed., pp. 653–771). New York: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whipple, T. W., & Swords, D. S. (1992). Business ethics judgments: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(9), 671–678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Setyabudi Indartono.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Indartono, S., Wulandari, S.Z. Moderation effect of gender on workplace spirituality and commitment relationship: case of Indonesian ethics. Asian J Bus Ethics 3, 65–81 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-013-0032-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-013-0032-1

Keywords

Navigation