Abstract
This article highlights the new electronic properties of tetrapod hetero-structures with metal Au core and semiconductor CdSe arms, which is one of the new classes of hybrid metal-semiconductor nanostructures. From the analysis of XRD, HRTEM, HAADF-STEM images, and EDAX line-scan studies, the growth mechanism of all these hetero-structures is proposed. These findings are important from the basic fundamental aspects of understanding the shape control of hetero-structures. Scanning tunneling spectroscopic study confirms the coulomb staircase-like features near Au which is characteristic of Au nanoparticles and the gap increases as we move the tip towards CdSe. Analysis suggests that the resonance tunneling occurs between valance band edge (conduction band edge) of CdSe and coulomb stairs of Au dot. These tetrapod hetero-structures could pave the way for designing new optical-based materials for developing new challenging photonic devices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vaneski A, Susha AS, Rodriguez-Fernandez J, Berr M, Jaeckel F, Feldmann J, Rogach AL (2010) roperties and applications of colloidal nonspherical noble metal nanoparticles. Adv Mater 22:1805–1825
Elmalem E, Saunders AE, Costi R, Salant A, Banin U (2008) Growth of photocatalytic CdSe-Pt nanorods and nanonets. Adv Mater 20:4312–4317
Li YQ, Guan LY, Zhang HL, Chen J, Lin S, Ma ZY, Zhao YD (2010) Distance-dependent metal-enhanced quantum dots fluorescence analysis in solution by capillary electrophoresis and its application to DNA detection. Anal Chem 83:4103–4109
Plante JLI, Habas SE, Yuhas BD, Gargas DJ, Mokari T (2009) Interfacing metal nanoparticles with semiconductor nanowires. Chem Mater 21:3662–3667
Costi R, Saunders Aaron E, Elmalem E, Salant A, Banin U (2008) Visible light-induced charge retention and photocatalysis with hybrid CdSe−Au nanodumbbells. Nano Lett 8:637
Zhang J, Tang Y, Lee K, Ouyang M (2010) Nonepitaxial growth of hybrid core-shell nanostructures with large lattice mismatches. Science 327:1634–1638
Tian ZQ, Zhang ZL, Jiang P, Zhang MX, Xie H-Y, Pang DW (2009) Core/shell structured noble metal (alloy)/cadmium selenide nanocrystals. Chem Mater 21:3039–3041
Lee J, Govorov AO, Dulka J, Kotov NA (2004) Bioconjugates of CdTe nanowires and Au nanoparticles: plasmon-exciton interactions, luminescence enhancement, and collective effects. Nano Lett 4:2323–2330
Haldar KK, Sen T, Patra A (2010) Metal conjugated semiconductor hybrid nanoparticle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer. J Phys Chem C 114:4869–4874
Zhang J, Tang Y, Lee K, Ouyang M (2010) Tailoring light-matter-spin interactions in colloidal hetero-nanostructures. Nature 466:91–95
Yong KT, Sahoo Y, Swihart MT, Prasad PN (2006) Growth of CdSe quantum rods and multipods seeded by noble-metal nanoparticles. Adv Mater 18:1978–1982
Haldar KK, Kundu S, Patra A (2014) Non-radiative relaxation and rectification behavior of metal/semiconductor tetrapod heterostructures. Appl Phys Lett 104:063110
Mokari T, Rothenberg E, Popov I, Costi R, Banin U (2004) Selective growth of metal tips onto semiconductor quantum rods and tetrapods. Science 304:1787–1790
Sitt A, Hadar I, Banin U (2013) Band-gap engineering, optoelectronic properties and applications of colloidal heterostructured semiconductor nanorods. Nano Today 8:494
Steiner D, Mokari T, Banin U, Millo O (2005) Electronic structure of metal-semiconductor nanojunctions in gold CdSe nanodumbbells. Phys Rev Lett 95:056805/1
Millo O, Katz D, Steiner D, Rothenberg E, Mokari T, Kazes M, Banin U (2004) Charging and quantum size effects in tunneling and optical spectroscopy of CdSe nanorods. Nanotech 15:R1–R6
Wang B, Wang K, Lu W, Wang H, Li Z, Yang J, Hou JG (2003) Effects of discrete energy levels on single-electron tunneling in coupled metal particles. Appl Phys Lett 82:3767–3769
Carbone L, Cozzoli PD (2010) Colloidal heterostructured nanocrystals: synthesis and growth mechanisms. Nano Today 5:449
Casavola M, Falqui A, García MA, García-Hernández M, Giannini C, Cingolani R, Cozzoli PD (2009) Exchange-coupled bimagnetic cobalt/iron oxide branched nanocrystal heterostructures. Nano Lett 9:366
Deng X, Yang D, Tan G, Li X, Zhang J, Liu Q, Zhang H, Mellors NJ, Xue D, Peng Y (2014) Bimagnetic h-Co/h-CoO nanotetrapods: preparation, nanoscale characterization, three-dimensional architecture and their magnetic properties. Nanoscale 6:13710
Shi W, Zeng H, Sahoo Y, Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y, Ding Y, Wang Zhong L, Swihart M, Prasad PN (2006) A general approach to binary and ternary hybrid nanocrystals. Nano Lett 6:875–881
Haldar KK, Pradhan N, Patra A (2013) Formation of heteroepitaxy in different shapes of Au–CdSe metal–semiconductor hybrid nanostructures. Small 9:3424
Haldar KK, Sinha G, Lahtinen J, Patra A (2012) Hybrid colloidal Au-CdSe pentapod heterostructures synthesis and their photocatalytic properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:6266–6272
Brust M, Walker M, Bethell D, Schiffrin DJ, Whyman R (1994) Synthesis of thiol-derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two-phase liquid–liquid system. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun 801–802. doi:10.1039/C39940000801
de Paiva R, Felice DR (2008) Atomic and electronic structure at Au/CdSe interfaces. ACS Nano 2:2225–2236
Figuerola A, van Huis M, Zanella M, Genovese A, Marras S, Falqui A, Zandbergen Henny W, Cingolani R, Manna L (2010) Epitaxial CdSe-Au nanocrystal heterostructures by thermal annealing. Nano Lett 10:3028–3036
Guardia P, Korobchevskaya K, Casu A, Genovese A, Manna L, Comin A (2013) Plasmon dynamics in colloidal Au2Cd alloy-CdSe Core/Shell nanocrystals. ACS Nano 7:1045–1053
Acknowledgements
The research work was funded by research seed money to Haldar KK from the Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Details of experimental and characterization procedure of Au/CdSe nanotetrapod. Figure S1 shows the TEM images of AuSe nanoparticles. Figure S2 presents the TEM-EDX analysis of AuSe.
ESM 1
(DOCX 389 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haldar, K.K., Muley, V.Y., Datar, S. et al. Structural and electronic investigation of metal-semiconductor hybrid tetrapod hetero-structures. Gold Bull 50, 105–110 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13404-017-0198-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13404-017-0198-8