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Molecular imaging of targeted therapies with positron emission tomography: the visualization of personalized cancer care

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Abstract

Introduction

Molecular imaging has been defined as the visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level in humans and other living systems. In oncology it enables to visualize (part of) the functional behaviour of tumour cells, in contrast to anatomical imaging that focuses on the size and location of malignant lesions.

Available molecular imaging techniques include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging. In PET, a radiotracer consisting of a positron emitting radionuclide attached to the biologically active molecule of interest is administrated to the patient.

Several approaches have been undertaken to use PET for the improvement of personalized cancer care. For example, a variety of radiolabelled ligands have been investigated for intratumoural target identification and radiolabelled drugs have been developed for direct visualization of the biodistibution in vivo, including intratumoural therapy uptake. First indications of the clinical value of PET for target identification and response prediction in oncology have been reported. This new imaging approach is rapidly developing, but uniformity of scanning processes, standardized methods for outcome evaluation and implementation in daily clinical practice are still in progress. In this review we discuss the available literature on molecular imaging with PET for personalized targeted treatment strategies.

Conclusion

Molecular imaging with radiolabelled targeted anticancer drugs has great potential for the improvement of personalized cancer care. The non-invasive quantification of drug accumulation in tumours and normal tissues provides understanding of the biodistribution in relation to therapeutic and toxic effects.

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Acknowlegdments

We sincerely thank Erik van Helden, Elske Gootjes and Otto Hoekstra for providing the [89Zr]cetuximab PET images used in Fig. 4 as well as Geke Hospers and Idris Bahce for permission to reproduce Figs. 3 and 5, respectively.

Conflicts of interest

No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Medical Oncology VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Lemonitsa H. Mammatas, Henk M. W. Verheul & C. Willemien Menke-van der Houven van Oordt

  2. Dept of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    N. Harry Hendrikse, Maqsood Yaqub & Adriaan A. Lammertsma

  3. Dept of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacy VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    N. Harry Hendrikse

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  1. Lemonitsa H. Mammatas
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Correspondence to C. Willemien Menke-van der Houven van Oordt.

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Mammatas, L.H., Verheul, H.M.W., Hendrikse, N.H. et al. Molecular imaging of targeted therapies with positron emission tomography: the visualization of personalized cancer care. Cell Oncol. 38, 49–64 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-014-0194-4

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