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Aberrant microRNA expression and its implications in the pathogenesis of leukemias

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Abstract

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding, endogenous, small RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by inducing degradation or translational inhibition of target mRNAs. Aberrant expression of miRNAs appears to be a common characteristic of hematological malignancies including leukemias.

Aim

Here we review the available data supporting a role of aberrant expression of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of leukemias including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Conclusions

The expression signatures of miRNAs provide exciting opportunities in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of leukemia. Since miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in leukemogenesis, the potential of using these small RNAs as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities for leukemia therapy by either inhibiting or augmenting their activity.

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Abbreviations

MiRNAs:

MicroRNAs

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

CN-AML:

Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia

ALL:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

CLL:

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

CML:

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Ph:

Philadelphia chromosome

BM:

Bone marrow

USF2:

Upstream transcription factor 2

BCL-2:

B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2

E2F-1:

E2 transcription factor family-1

TCL-1:

T-cell leukemia/lymphoma1

MCL-1:

Myeloid cell leukemia 1

Itch:

Itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog

C/EBPα:

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha

PLK2:

Polo-like kinase 2

AE:

AML1/ETO

FLT3-ITD:

Internal tandem duplication of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3

HOX:

Homeobox

MEIS1:

Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1

c-Kit:

v-Kit hardy-zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

CNS:

Central nervous system

MDR:

Minimally-deleted region

DLEU:

Deleted in leukemia

DLBCL:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

MBL:

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis

IgVH :

Immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region

ZAP-70:

70-kDa zeta-associated protein

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

OS:

Overall survival

TFS:

Treatment-free survival

OG:

Oncogene

TS:

Tumor suppressor

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank David Leif Anderson for valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from Tarbiat Modares University.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116, Tehran, Iran

    Sadegh Babashah & Majid Sadeghizadeh

  2. Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani

  3. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran

    Shirin Farivar

  4. Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran

    Masoud Soleimani

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Babashah, S., Sadeghizadeh, M., Tavirani, M.R. et al. Aberrant microRNA expression and its implications in the pathogenesis of leukemias. Cell Oncol. 35, 317–334 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-012-0095-3

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