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Fundamental Basis and Application of Cold-Room Project Design: A Turkish Case Study

  • Research Article - Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract

In this paper, cold-room systems in Turkey’s various regions were analyzed as case studies to demonstrate the application of the proposed model. They were also compared with each other in terms of the alteration of alternative refrigerants and insulation thickness and energy and exergy analyses of the cold rooms’ refrigeration system. The coefficients of performance (COP), refrigerant charge rates, volumetric refrigeration capacity and capacities of each component of the refrigeration system for the refrigerants CFC-12, HCFC-22 and their alternatives, such as HFC-134A, HFC-404A, HFC-407C, HFC-410A and HFC-507, were determined by considering the effects of the main parameters of the performance analysis, such as refrigerant type, degree of subcooling, superheating and compressor efficiency. The first law efficiencies, exergy efficiencies and irreversibility rates were also obtained and discussed in this theoretical study. Based on the results of the energy analyses, all the alternative refrigerants have a slightly lower COP and require lower refrigerant charge rates than CFC-12 and HCFC-22 for condensation temperatures ranging from36–47 °C. The investigated large cities in Turkey have an evaporation temperature of −6 °C regarding the preserved product and various ambient temperatures of these largest cities of Turkey range from 31–42 °C in the case studies. Based on the results of the exergy analyses, the compressor has the greatest irreversibility, followed by the expansion valve, condenser and evaporator as the components of the refrigeration system.

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Abbreviations

A:

Area, m2

CFCs:

Chlorofluorocarbons

COP:

Coefficient of performance

C p1 :

Specific heat for the temperature above the freezing temperature, J kg−1 K−1

C p3 :

Specific heat for the temperature after freezing process, J kg−1 K−1

E:

Exergy rate, kW

e:

Specific exergy, kJ kg−1

E Q :

Rate of exergy of heat input, kW

E W :

Rate of exergy of power output, kW

F:

Defrost factor

GWP:

Global warming potential

h:

Enthalpy, kJ kg−1

h i :

Inner convective heat transfer coefficient, W m−2 K−1

h d :

Outer convective heat transfer coefficient, W m−2 K−1

H d :

Air alteration coefficient

HCFCs:

Hydro chlorofluorocarbons

HCs:

Hydrocarbons

HFCs:

Hydro fluorocarbons

I:

Rate of irreversibility, kW

k:

Thermal conductivity, W m−2 K−1

K:

Total heat transfer coefficient, W m−2 K−1

L:

Length, m

l:

Freezing heat of product, W kg−1

m:

Mass flow rate, kg s−1

m e :

Exergy flow rate of working fluid, kg s−1

m p :

Mass of product, kg

n eh :

Total number of electric heaters in the cold room

n em :

Total number of electric motors in the cold room

n p :

Total number of people in the cold room

ODP:

Ozone depletion potential

P:

Pressure, MPa

R:

Refrigerant

s:

Entropy, kJ  kg−1  K−1

Q:

Heat rejection rate, kW

Q i :

Heat generation of a person, kW

T:

Temperature, °C or K

T 0 :

Environmental reference temperature, °C or K

t 41 :

Total working duration of people in the cold room, h

t 42 :

Illumination time for a day, h

t 43 :

Total working time of an electric motor, h

W:

Isentropic compression work, kNm kg−1

W 1 :

Power of illumination, kJ

W 2 :

Power of electric motors, kJ

W 3 :

Power of electric heaters, kJ

ΔT :

Temperature difference, K

ρ :

Density, kg m−3

η :

Efficiency

δ :

Efficiency defects

afp:

After freezing point of product

cl:

Ceiling

CL:

Cooling load

CR:

Cold room

comp:

Compressor

cond:

Condensing/condenser

E:

Exergy

evap:

Evaporating/evaporator

fl:

Floor

fp:

Freezing point

gen:

Generation

in:

Inside

out:

Outside

T:

Total

tv:

Throttling valve

1:

Evaporator superheat

2:

Compressorsuperheat

3:

Condensersaturated liquid

4:

Evaporator saturated mixture

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heat and Thermodynamics Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Yildiz, Besiktas, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey

    A. S. Dalkilic, N. A. Kurekci & O. Kincay

  2. Fluid Mechanics, Thermal Engineering and Multiphase Flow Research Lab. (FUTURE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    S. Wongwises

Authors
  1. A. S. Dalkilic
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  2. N. A. Kurekci
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  3. O. Kincay
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  4. S. Wongwises
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Correspondence to A. S. Dalkilic or S. Wongwises.

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Dalkilic, A.S., Kurekci, N.A., Kincay, O. et al. Fundamental Basis and Application of Cold-Room Project Design: A Turkish Case Study. Arab J Sci Eng 38, 1115–1130 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0534-5

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