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Impact of Nanomaterials on Health and Environment

  • Review Article - Chemical Engineering
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Humans have been exposed to airborne nanosized materials (<100 nm) throughout the millennia, but the extent of exposure has increased significantly since the industrial revolution with special reference to the combustion processes. The advent of nanotechnology in the last 2 decades has further increased the risk of exposure of nanomaterials through one of the following routes; inhalation, ingestion, dermal and drug delivery using engineered nanomaterials. Conversion from bulk state to nanosize imparts new properties to the nanomaterials in regard to mechanical, electrical, optical, catalytic activity, and lastly, but not the least, the biological activity. Toxicological effects of nanomaterials need to be examined during a product’s lifecycle including manufacture, use and disposal. The health hazards and safety considerations of nanomaterials need further attention and basic interdisciplinary research work is called for involving materials scientists, toxicologists, medical practitioners and environmental engineers.

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Abbreviations

125I:

Iodine-125

AB:

Alamar Blue

Ag:

Silver

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BAL:

Bronchoalveolar Lavage

C60 :

Fullerene

CB:

Carbon black

CdTe:

Cadmium telluride

CeO2 :

Cerium dioxide

CSi-PEO:

Polyethylene oxide modified carbosilane

CTAB:

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

Cu:

Copper

CuO:

Copper oxide

CVD:

Chemical vapour deposition

DAB:

Diaminobutane

DAE:

Diaminoethane

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DPPC:

Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine

ELISA:

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

E-waste:

Electronic waste

FDA:

Federal Drug Administration, USA

Fe2O3 :

Iron oxide

FETAX:

Frog embryo teratogenesis assay xenopus

HAP:

Hydroxy apatite

HMM:

Human monocyte macrophage

LDH:

Lactate dehydogenase

MgO:

Magnesium oxide

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide

MWCNT:

Multi wall carbon nanotube

NBT:

Nitro blue tetrazolium

NHBE:

Normal human primary bronchial epithelial cells

Ni:

Nickel

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NP:

Nanoparticle

NRR:

Neutral red retention

PAMAM:

Polyamidoamine

Pd:

Palladium

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

Pt:

Platinum

QD:

Quantum dot

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RT-PCR:

Real time polymerase chain reaction

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

Si:

Silicon

SiO2 :

Silicon dioxide

SPION:

Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle

SVL:

Snout vent length

SWCNT:

Single wall carbon nanotube

TBL:

Total body length

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

TPL:

Two-photon-induced luminescence

UV:

Ultra Violet

W:

Tungsten

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Selvin P. Thomas, Eid M. Al-Mutairi & Sadhan Kumar De

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Thomas, S.P., Al-Mutairi, E.M. & De, S.K. Impact of Nanomaterials on Health and Environment. Arab J Sci Eng 38, 457–477 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0324-0

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