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No association between Apoε4 alleles, HIV infection, age, neuropsychological outcome, or death

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Abstract

The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene may have important interactions with physical health and cognitive function among individuals with HIV disease. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between ε4, HIV disease, age, neuropsychological impairment, and death in a large, well-characterized study sample. A total of 2846 men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study had ApoE genotyping and neuropsychological test data available for analysis. We found a significant association between HIV infection and time to death (from any cause), as well as older age, race, and education. But, ApoE status was not significantly associated with time to death. Similarly, we found a significant association between HIV infection and time to incident cognitive impairment, as well as age, education, and HIV serostatus; Apoε4 status was not related to incident cognitive impairment. There were no significant interactions between ApoE, HIV infection, and age on cognitive impairment. These data replicate and strengthen prior findings of the lack of association between ApoE ε4 and cognitive outcomes in HIV disease. We conclude that within the specific constraints of an exclusively male study in which the majority of participants were less than 65 years of age (range 22–87 years), it appears reasonable to conclude that the ε4 allele is not significantly interacting with HIV serostatus.

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Acknowledgments

Data in this manuscript were collected by the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with centers at Baltimore (U01-AI35042): The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health: Joseph B. Margolick (PI), Barbara Crain, Adrian Dobs, Homayoon Farzadegan, Joel Gallant, Lisette Johnson-Hill, Cynthia Munro, Michael W. Plankey, Ned Sacktor, James Shepard, Chloe Thio; Chicago (U01-AI35039): Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Cook County Bureau of Health Services: John P. Phair, Sheila Badri, Maurice O’Gorman, David Ostrow, Frank Palella, Ann Ragin; Los Angeles (U01-AI35040): University of California, UCLA Schools of Public Health and Medicine: Roger Detels (PI), Otoniel Martínez-Maza (Co-P I), Aaron Aronow, Robert Bolan, Elizabeth Breen, Anthony Butch, Beth Jamieson, Eric N. Miller, John Oishi, Harry Vinters, Dorothy Wiley, Mallory Witt, Otto Yang, Stephen Young, Zuo Feng Zhang; Pittsburgh (U01-AI35041): University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health: Charles R. Rinaldo (PI), Lawrence A. Kingsley (Co-PI), James T. Becker, Ross D. Cranston, Jeremy J. Martinson, John W. Mellors, Anthony J. Silvestre, Ronald D. Stall; and the Data Coordinating Center (UM1-AI35043): The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health: Lisa P. Jacobson (PI), Alvaro Munoz (Co-PI), Alison, Abraham, Keri Althoff, Christopher Cox, Jennifer Deal, Gypsyamber D’Souza, Priya Duggal, Janet Schollenberger, Eric C. Seaberg, Sol Su, Pamela Surkan. The MACS is funded primarily by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), with additional co-funding from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and the National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders (NIDCD) also provided targeted supplemental funding for specific projects. MACS data collection is also supported by UL1-TR000424 (JHU CTSA). Website located at http://www.statepi.jhsph.edu/macs/macs.html. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Additional support for the analysis of these data and preparation of the manuscript was provided by funds from the NIH to J.T.B. (AG034852 and MH098745).

The members of the Neuropsychology Working Group include James T. Becker, Pim Brouwers, Christopher Cox, Jenna Fahey, Rebecca Godfrey, Karl Goodkin, Robin Huebner, Andrew J. Levine, Eileen M. Martin, Donna M. Martineck, Eric M. Miller, Ann Ragin, Sandra Reynolds, JoanaDarc Roe, Ned Sacktor, Janet Schollenberger, Eric Seaberg, Ola A. Selnes, and Matthew Wright. The authors are grateful to Dr. S. Wolinsky at Northwestern University for his assistance in the genetic analysis and the preparation of this manuscript.

Conflict of interest

Eric N. Miller is the author of the reaction time software used in this study (CalCAP) and has a financial interest in the software.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    James T. Becker & Samantha Molsberry

  2. Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    James T. Becker

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    James T. Becker

  4. Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Jeremy J. Martinson & Lawrence Kingsley

  5. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Sudhir Penugonda

  6. Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Sandra Reynolds

  7. Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Aaron Aronow

  8. Department of Mental Health, AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Karl Goodkin

  9. Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Andrew Levine

  10. Department of Psychiatry, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Eileen Martin

  11. Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Eric N. Miller

  12. Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Cynthia A. Munro

  13. Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ann Ragin

  14. Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Ned Sacktor

  15. Neuropsychology Research Program, Suite 830, 3501 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    James T. Becker

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  1. James T. Becker
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Correspondence to James T. Becker.

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Becker, J.T., Martinson, J.J., Penugonda, S. et al. No association between Apoε4 alleles, HIV infection, age, neuropsychological outcome, or death. J. Neurovirol. 21, 24–31 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-014-0290-2

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