Abstract
In the last few years, the real-time monitoring of civil infrastructures has become an essential tool for the safety inspection, the design and planning of maintenance. In this context, the implementation of optic fiber sensors embedded in the structural elements is particularly useful to check strains and displacements and assess the structural safety level. In this paper, a methodology aimed at the control of the safety and serviceability level of a Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Viaduct located in the city of Bari (Italy) is presented. The procedure is based on information acquired by fiber optic monitoring system implemented during the construction of the bridge. The processing of the data provided by the sensors at different times of the execution has allowed the appraisal of the strain variations related to the load increments and to the stress losses in the different phases and the comparison with the theoretical values. This comparison enables a double check: control in the construction phases, safety in the service life.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gentile C, Martinez y Cabrera F (2004) Dynamic performance of twin curved cable-stayed bridges. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33:15–34
Glišić B, Inaudi D, Lau JM, Mok YC, Ng CT (2005) Long-term monitoring of high-rise buildings using long-gage fiber optic sensors. In: Proceedings of IFHS2005: 7th international conference on multi-purpose high-rise towers and tall buildings, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Idriss RL, Liang Z (2006) Monitoring an interstate highway bridge with a built-in fiber-optic sensor system. In: Proceedings of IABMAS2006: 3rd international conference on bridge maintenance, safety and management, Porto, Portugal. ISBN: 9780415403153
Fabbrocino G, Rainieri C, Verderame GM (2007) L’analisi dinamica sperimentale ed il monitoraggio delle strutture esistenti. In: Proceedings of workshop su “Controllo e monitoraggio di edifici in c.a.: il caso-studio di Punta Perotti” (in Italian), Bari, Italy
Lynch JP (2002) Decentralization of wireless monitoring and control technologies for smart civil structures. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Technical Report #140. Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Poncelet F, Kerschen G, Golinval JC, Verhelst D (2007) Output-only modal analysis using blind source separation techniques. Mech Syst Signal Process 21:2335–2358
Van Overschee P, De Moor B (1996) Subspace identification for linear systems: theory, implementation, applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Brincker R, Zhang L, Andersen P (2000) Modal identification from ambient responses using frequency domain decomposition. In: Proceedings of 18th SEM international modal analysis conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA
Peeters B, De Roeck G (2001) One-year monitoring of the Z24-Bridge: environmental effects versus damage events. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 30:149–171
Rainieri C, Fabbrocino G (2010) Automated output-only dynamic identification of civil engineering structures. Mech Syst Signal Process 24:678–695
Rainieri C, Fabbrocino G, Cosenza E (2011) Integrated seismic early warning and structural health monitoring of critical civil infrastructures in seismically prone areas. Struct Health Monit 10:291–308. doi:10.1177/1475921710373296
Leung CKY (2001) Fiber optic sensors in concrete: the future? NDT&E Int 34:85–94
Costa BJA, Figueiras JA (2012) Fiber optic based monitoring system applied to a centenary metallic arch bridge: design and installation. Eng Struct 44:271–280
Rodrigues C, Felix C, Lage A, Figueiras JA (2012) Development of a long-term monitoring system based on FBG sensors applied to concrete bridges. Eng Struct 32(8):1993–2002
Enckell M, Glisic B, Myrvoll F, Bergstrand B (2011) Evaluation of a large-scale bridge strain, temperature and crack monitoring with distributed fibre optic sensors. J Civil Struct Health Monit 1–2:37–46
Grattan SKT, Taylor SE, Basheer PMA, Sun T, Grattan KTV (2011) Sensors systems, especially fibre optic sensors in structural monitoring applications in concrete: an overview. In: New developments in sensing technology for structural health monitoring. Lecture notes in electrical engineering, vol 96, Springer, pp 359–425
Inaudi D (2009) Overview of 40 bridge structural health monitoring projects. In: International bridge conference, IBC 2010. Pittsburgh, USA
Inaudi D, Del Grosso A (2008) Fiber optic sensor for structural control. In: Proceedings of the 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing, China
Inaudi D, Casanova N, Vurpillot S (1999) Bridge deformation monitoring with fiber optic sensors. In: Proceedings of IABSE symposium, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Zhou Z, Graver TW, Hsu L, Ping Ou J (2003) Techniques of Advanced FBG sensors: fabrication, demodulation, encapsulation and their application in the structural health monitoring of bridges. Pac Sci Rev 5:116–121
Vohra ST, Althouse B, Johnson G, Vurpillot S, Inaudi D (1998) Quasi-Static strain monitoring during the “Push” phase of a box girder bridge using fiber Bragg grating sensors. In: Proceedings of European workshop on optical fiber sensors, Peebls Hydro, Scotland
Davis MA, Bellemore DG, Kersey AD (1997) Distributed fiber Bragg grating strain sensing in reinforced concrete structural components. Cement Concr Compos 19:45–47. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(96)00042-X
Inaudi D (2000) Application of fibre optical sensors to structural monitoring. In: Trends in optical Nondestructive Testing and Inspection, Elsevier, pp 459–472
Idriss EL (2001) Monitoring of a high performance prestressed concrete bridge with embedded optical fiber sensors during fabrication, construction and service. In: Proceedings of 10th international conference structural faults and repair, London, England
Fu-Zhen X, Hongwei T, Shan-Tung T (2009) In situ monitoring on prestress losses in the reinforced structure with fiber-optic sensors. Measurement 42:107–111
Vurpillot S, Inaudi D, Ducret JM (1996) Bridge monitoring by fiber optic deformation sensors: design, emplacement and results. In: Proceedings of SPIE, smart structures and materials, San Diego, USA
Glišić B, Inaudi D, Hoong KC, Lau JM (2003) Monitoring of building columns during construction. In: Proceedings of ASPEC2003: 5th Asia Pacific structural engineering and construction conference. Johor Bahru, Malaysia, pp 593–606
Yasue N, Naruse H, Masuda JI, Kino H, Nakamura T, Yamaura T (2000) Concrete pipe strain measurement using optical fiber sensor. Proc IEICE Trans Electron E83-C(3):468–474
Nikles M, Burke R, Brifford F, Lyons G (2005) Greatly extended distance pipeline monitoring using fibre optics. In: Proceedings of OMAE05 24th international conference on offshore mechanics and arctic engineering. Halkidiki, Greece
Inaudi D, Glisic B (2010) Long-range pipeline monitoring by distributed fiber optic sensors. ASME J Press Vessel Technol 132(1):011701-01–011701-09
Glišić B, Badoux M, Jaccoud JP, Inaudi D (2000) Monitoring a subterranean structure with the SOFO system. Tunnel Manag Int Mag, ITC Ltd 2(8):22–27
Glišić B, Inaudi D, Kronenberg P, Vurpillot S (1999) Dam monitoring using long SOFO sensor. In: Proceedings of hydropower conference hydropower. Gmunden, Austria
Baldwin C, Poloso T, Chen P, Niemczuk J, Kiddy J, Ealy C (2001) Structural monitoring of composite marine piles using fiber optic sensors. Proc SPIE Smart Struct Mater Nondestruct Eval Health Monit Diagn 4330:487–497
Inaudi D, Glišić B (2007) Strain sensors for deepwater applications. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructure, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Whelan MP, Albrecht D, Capsoni A (2002) Remote structural monitoring of the Cathedral of Como using an optical fiber Bragg sensor system. Proc SPIE Smart Struct Mater Nondestruct Eval Health Monit Diagn 4694:242–252
Del Grosso A, Inaudi D, Lanata L (2000) Strain and displacement monitoring of a quay wall in the port of genoa by means of fibre optic sensors. In: Proceedings of 2nd ENPC European conference. Champs-sur-Marne, France
Del Grosso A (2008) On the reliability of smart monitored structures. In: Proceeding of the 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing, China
Kurokawa S, Shimano K, Sumitro S, Suzuki M (2004) Global concrete structure monitoring by utilizing fiber optic sensor. In: Watanabe, Frangopol, Utsonomiya (eds) Proceedings of IABMAS2004: 2nd international conference on bridge maintenance, safety and management, Kyoto, Japan, 18–22 Oct 2004. ISBN 978-0-415-36355-6
Chung W, Kim S, Kim N-S, Lee H (2008) Deflection estimation of a full scale prestressed concrete girder using long-gauge fiber optic sensors. Constr Build Mater 22:394–401
Kesavan K, Ravisankar K, Parivallal S, Sreeshylam P, Sridhar S (2010) Experimental studies on fiber optic sensors embedded in concrete. Measurement 43:157–163
Mezzina M (2001) Costruire con il cemento armato (in Italian). UTET Libreria srl, Torino
CEN (2000) Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures—part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings. Brussels
Uva G, Raffaele D, Porco F, Fiore A, Porco G (2012) Bridge monitoring by fiber optic deformation sensors: a case study. In: Biondini, Frangopol (eds) Proceedings of the 6th international conference on bridge maintenance, safety and management, Como, Italy, 8–12 July 2012. Taylor & Francis Group, London. ISBN: 978-0-415-62124-3
Kister G, Winter D, Gebremichael VM, Leighton J, Badcock RA, Tester PD, Krishnamurthy S, Boyle WJO, Grattan KTV, Fernando GF (2007) Methodology and integrity monitoring of foundation concrete piles using Bragg grating optical fibre sensors. Eng Struct 29(9):2048–2055
Glišić B, Inaudi D (2005) Development of distributed strain and temperature sensing cables. In: Proceedings of 17th international conference on optical fibre sensors, Bruges, Belgium, 23–27 May 2005
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Porco, F., Fiore, A., Porco, G. et al. Monitoring and safety for prestressed bridge girders by SOFO sensors. J Civil Struct Health Monit 3, 3–18 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-012-0029-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-012-0029-9