Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) loci are very useful genomic markers with high power of individual discrimination, thus, they have been used for population genetics, forensic application and complex kinship analyses. In this study, we examined allele frequencies and forensic parameters for a total of 23 STR loci, that is, 17 established STRs with 13 CODIS core STR loci and D2S1338, D19S433, Penta E, and Penta D loci, and 6 new STRs (D10S1248, D22S1045, D2S441, D1S1656, D12S391, and SE33) in a sample of 545 unrelated individuals in South Korea. All loci were highly polymorphic and no significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed. The addition of 6 new loci to the 17 established STRs increased their power of discrimination by almost eight orders of magnitude (2.52 × 10−20–4.44 × 10−28) and improved the specificity of missing children database searches. Furthermore, we found several microvariant alleles at D2S441 and SE33 loci that have not been reported in the Korean population. We believe that this analysis will be useful for forensic application, deficiency paternity testing and expanding previously established Korean DNA databases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andari AE, Othman H, Taroni F, Mansour I (2013) Population genetic data for 23 STR markers from Lebanon. Forensic Sci Int Genet 7:e108–e113
Børsting C, Mogensen HS, Morling N (2013) Forensic genetic SNP typing of low-template DNA and highly degraded DNA from crime case samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 7:345–352
Bulbul O, Fernandez-Formoso L, Phillips C, Altuncul H, Filoglu G, Lareu MV, Carracedo A (2013) Allele frequencies of the five new European Standard Set (ESS) STRs and 15 established STRs in a Turkish population. Forensic Sci Int Genet In press
Excoffier L, Lischer HE (2010) Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol Ecol Resour 10:564–567
García O, Alonso J, Cano JA, García R, Luque GM, Martín P, de Yuso IM, Maulini S, Parra D, Yurrebaso I (2012) Population genetic data and concordance study for the kits Identifiler, NGM, PowerPlex ESX 17 System and Investigator ESSplex in Spain. Forensic Sci Int Genet 6:e78–e79
González-Liñán A, Trizzino L, Giambelluca D, Salvo S, Marino A, Allegra A (2013) Population data of the 16 autosomal STRs loci of the Powerplex ESI 17 System in Sicilian population (Italy). Forensic Sci Int Genet 7:e93–e94
Green RL, Lagacé RE, Oldroyd NJ, Hennessy LK, Mulero JJ (2013) Developmental validation of the AmpFℓSTR® NGM SElect™ PCR Amplification Kit: a next-generation STR multiplex with the SE33 locus. Forensic Sci Int Genet 7:41–51
Han GR, Lee YW, Lee HL, Kim SM, Ku TW, Kang IH, Lee HS, Hwang JJ (2000) A Korean population study of the nine STR loci FGA, VWA, D3S1358, D18S51, D21S11, D8S1179, D7S820, D13S317 and D5S818. Int J Legal Med 114:41–44
Hill CR, Duewer DL, Kline MC, Coble MD, Butler JM (2013) U.S. population data for 29 autosomal STR loci. Forensic Sci Int Genet 7:e82–e83
Kim YL, Hwang JY, Kim YJ, Lee S, Chung NG, Goh HG, Kim CC, Kim DW (2003) Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci using AmpFℓSTR Identifiler kit in a Korean population. Forensic Sci Int 136:92–95
LaRue BL, Lagacé R, Chang CW, Holt A, Hennessy L, Ge J, King JL, Chakraborty R, Budowle B (2014) Characterization of 114 insertion/deletion (INDEL) polymorphisms, and selection for a global INDEL panel for human identification. Leg Med (Tokyo) 16:26–32
Mertens G, Rand S, Moordtgat K, Cardoen E, Bruyn I, Mommers N, Leijnen G, Jehaes E, Jacobs W (2011) Population genetic analysis of Moroccans residing in Belgium using 16 autosomal STRs of the PowerPlex ESI 17 multiplex. Forensic Sci Int Genet 5:352–353
Monterrosa JC, Morales J, Yurrebaso I, García O (2012) Population genetic data for 16 STR loci (PowerPlex ESX-17 kit) in El Salvador. Forensic Sci Int Genet 6:e134
Phillips C, Ballard D, Gill P, Court DS, Carracedo A, Lareu MV (2012) The recombination landscape around forensic STRs: accurate measurement of genetic distance between syntenic STR pairs using HapMap high density SNP data. Forensic Sci Int Genet 6:354–365
Raimann PE, Hirschfeld-Campolongo G, Schumacher S, de Mattos Almeida SE, da Silva CM, Rodenbusch R, Bassini AS, de Souza LF, Nascimento EC, de Oliveira ES et al (2012) Population genetic analyses of the AmpFlSTR® NGM™ in Brazil. Int J Legal Med 126:337–341
Rozen S, Skaletsky H (2000) Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. Methods Mol Biol 132:365–386
Schneider PM (2009) Expansion of the European Standard Set of DNA database loci-the current situation. Profiles DNA 12:6–7
Seo SB, King JL, Warshauer DH, Davis CP, Ge J, Budowle B (2013) Single nucleotide polymorphism typing with massively parallel sequencing for human identification. Int J Legal Med 127:1079–1086
Seong KM, Park JH, Hyun YS, Kang PW, Choi DH, Han MS, Park KW, Chung KW (2014) Population genetics of insertion-deletion polymorphisms in South Koreans using Investigator DIPplex kit. Forensic Sci Int Genet 8:80–83
Tereba A (1999) Tools for analysis of population statistics. Profiles DNA 2:14–16
Tucker VC, Hopwood AJ, Sprecher CJ, McLaren RS, Rabbach DR, Ensenberger MG, Thompson JM, Storts DR (2011) Developmental validation of the PowerPlex® ESI 16 and PowerPlex® ESI 17 systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard. Forensic Sci Int Genet 5:436–448
Tvedebrink T, Mogensen HS, Stene MC, Morling N (2012) Performance of two 17 locus forensic identification STR kits-Applied Biosystems’s AmpFℓSTR NGM SElect and Promega’s PowerPlex ESI17 Kits. Forensic Sci Int Genet 6:523–531
Weir BS (1990) Multiple tests, Genetic Data Analysis II, pp. 109-110. Sinauer Associates, USA
Welch LA, Gill P, Phillips C, Ansell R, Morling N, Parson W, Palo JU, Bastisch I (2012) European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI): evaluation of new commercial STR multiplexes that include the European Standard Set (ESS) of markers. Forensic Sci Int Genet 6:819–826
Yoo SY, Cho NS, Park MJ, Seong KM, Hwang JH, Song SB, Han MS, Lee WT, Chung KW (2011) A large population genetic study of 15 autosomal short tandem repeat loci for establishment of Korean DNA profile database. Mol Cells 32:15–19
Yurrebaso I, Ajuriagerra JA, Alday A, Lezama I, Pérez JA, Romón E, Uriarte I, García O (2011) Allele frequencies and concordance study between the identifiler and the PowerPlex ESX17 systems in the Basque Country population. Forensic Sci Int Genet 5:e79–e80
Zhou A, Wu W, Liu Q, Wu Y, Lu D (2013) Population genetic data of the NGM SElect STR loci in Chinese Han population from Zhejiang region, China. Int J Legal Med 127:377–378
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the National Forensic Service (NFS) and LINC Project (Kongju National University), Republic of Korea.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yoo, S.Y., An, S.H., Park, J.H. et al. Autosomal STR loci for improving the kinship discrimination power for missing children and forensic application. Genes Genom 36, 355–363 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-014-0173-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-014-0173-1