Abstract
The time range between 60 ka and 50 ka is one of the most dramatic phases in human biological evolution. In this period, the western part of Eurasia (Europe and the Near East) was populated by Neanderthals, whereas the eastern part (Central Asia and Siberia) was populated by Denisovans. However, by 30 ka, these two populations were replaced by anatomically modern humans (AMH). When did these newcomers arrive and from where? There is accumulating archaeological and genetic evidence suggesting that this demographic shift occurred at the end of MIS 4 [1–3]. Moreover, it is quite clear that a major dispersal of AMH out of Africa was the source of the new populations [4–7]. In this study, we examined specific morphological characteristics of Manot 1 (e.g., suprainiac fossa), and assessed their similarities to the corresponding traits found among Neanderthals. We will show that although the terminology is similar, the traits in each hominin group are of different entities. We also show that Manot 1 and Early Upper Palaeolithic skulls of Europe have many traits in common (e.g., suprainiac fossa, bunning), although Manot 1 is much more gracile. Finally, some of the archaic traits (e.g., suprainiac fossa) seen in Manot 1 can be traced to the Late Pleistocene Aduma skull (~79–105 ka) from Ethiopia or even Eyasi 1 (~200–400 ka) from Tanzania.
Résumé
La période comprise entre 60 000 et 50 000 ans BP est l’une des phases les plus importantes de l’évolution biologique humaine. Au cours de celle-ci, la partie occidentale de l’Eurasie (l’Europe et le Proche-Orient) a été peuplée par les Néandertaliens, tandis que la partie orientale (Asie centrale et Sibérie) l’a été par les Dénisoviens. Cependant, il y a plus de 30 000 ans, ces deux populations ont été remplacées par des Hommes anatomiquement modernes. Quand sont apparus ces nouveaux arrivants, et d’où venaient-ils ? Des données archéologiques et génétiques suggèrent que ce changement démographique a eu lieu à la fin du stade isotopique marin 4 [1–3]. Une dispersion importante d’Hommes anatomiquement modernes en dehors du continent africain serait à la source de ces nouvelles populations [4–7]. Dans cette étude, nous examinons la possibilité que Manot 1 appartienne à la population de base qui a donné lieu à l’Homme moderne. En outre, les relations entre Manot 1 et la population du Paléolithique supérieur d’Europe et les Néandertaliens levantins contemporains sont abordées. Dans cette étude, nous avons examiné les caractéristiques morphologiques particulières de Manot 1 (e.g. la fosse sus-iniaque) et évalué leurs similitudes avec les caractères homologues présents chez les Néandertaliens. Nous avons montré que, bien que la terminologie soit identique, les caractères de chaque groupe d’homininés représentent des entités différentes. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence queManot 1 et les crânes du Paléolithique supérieur ancien d’Europe ont beaucoup de caractères en commun, bien que Manot 1 soit plus gracile. Pour finir, certains des caractères archaïques observés sur le spécimen de Manot 1 sont aussi visibles sur le crâne éthiopien d’Aduma daté du Pléistocène final ou même celui d’Eyasi 1, en Tanzanie.
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Cet article est une note correspondant à une conférence inaugurale d’un congrès de la SAP.
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Hershkovitz, I., Latimer, B., Barzilai, O. et al. Manot 1 calvaria and recent modern human evolution: an anthropological perspective. BMSAP 29, 119–130 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13219-017-0180-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13219-017-0180-2