Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

An improved functional link artificial neural networks with intuitionistic fuzzy clustering for software cost estimation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Software cost estimation is an important task for any software development firm. Its inaccurate estimates can lead to catastrophic results for both the developers and the customers. This paper provides an improved approach to software cost estimation using functional link artificial neural networks (FLANN) with intutionistic fuzzy c-means clustering (IFCM). The IFCM has more clustering accuracy as compare to conventional fuzzy c-means (FCM) thereby improving the software prediction results using FLANN. The work is validated with four software datasets i.e. COCOMO81, NASA93, Maxwell and China datasets. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique in contrast to the use of conventional FCM with FLANN as reported in the literature. This work also proposes the use of leave one out (LOO) validation technique instead of 3-way.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Atanassov’s KT (1983) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, VII ITKR’s session, Sofia, 983 deposed in central science—Technology Library of Bulgaria Academy of Science—1697/84

  • Benala TR, Sameet B, Kiran Swathi G, Vikram Gupta K, Ravi Teja Ch, Sumana S (2009) A novel neural network approach for software cost estimation using Functional Link Artificial Neural Network(FLANN). Int J Comput Sci Netw Soc 9:126–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Benala TR, Dehuri S, Mall R (2012a) Functional link artificial neural networks for software cost estimation. Int J Appl Evol Comput 3:62–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Benala TR, Dehuri S, Satapathy SC, Madhurakshara S (2012b) Genetic algorithm for optimizing functional link artificial neural network based software cost estimation. In: Proceedings of the international conference on information systems design and intelligent applications, advances in intelligent and soft computing 132: 75–82

  • Benala TR, Dehuri S, Mall R, Dehuri S, Prasanthi VL (2012c) Software effort prediction using fuzzy clustering and functional link artificial neural networks.Lecture notes in computer science. SEMCCO 7677:124–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Benala TR, Chinnababu K, Mall R, Dehuri S (2013) A particle swarm optimized functional link artificial neural networks (PSO-FLANN) in software cost estimation. In: Proceedings of the international conference on frontiers of intelligent computing: theory and applications (FICTA) advances in intelligent systems and computing 199: 59–66

  • Bezdek JC (1981) Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithm. Plenum, New York

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Boehm BW (1981) Software engineering economics. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chaira T (2011) A novel intuitionistic fuzzy c means clustering algorithm and its application to medical images. Appl Soft Comput 11:1711–1717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foss T, Stensrud E, Kitchenham B, Myrtveit I (2003) A simulation study of the model evaluation criterion MMRE. IEEE Trans Software Eng 29:985–995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galorath DD, Evans MW (2006) Software sizing. Auerbach Publications, estimation and risk management, Boston. ISBN 0849335930

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson AC, Garratt PW (1999) A neuro fuzzy cost estimator. In: Proceedings of the Third international conference on software engineering and applications-SAE, pp 401–406

  • Idri Ali, Zakrani Abdelali, Zahi Azeddine (2010) Design of radial basis function neural networks for software effort estimation. Int J Comput Sci Issues 7:11–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen M (2007) Forecasting of software development work effort: evidence on expert judgement and formal models. Int J Forecast 23:449–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karunanitthi N, Whitely D, Malaiya YK (1992) Using neural networks in reliability prediction. IEEE Softw Eng 9:53–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur P, Soni AK, Gossain A (2012) Novel intutionistic fuzzy c means clustering for linearly and non linearly separable data. WSEAS Trans Comput 11:65–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoshgoftaar TM, Allen EB, Xu Z (2000) Predicting testability of program modules using a neural network. In: Proceedings of 3rd IEEE symposium on application specific systems and software engineering technology, pp 57–62

  • Kocaguneli E, Menzies T (2013) Software effort models should be assessed via leave-one-out validation. J Syst Softw 86:1879–1890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendes E, Mosley N, Watson I (2002) A comparison of case based reasoning approaches. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh international conference on world wide web, Honolulu, pp 272–280

  • Menzies T, Chen Z, Hihn J, Lum K (2006) Selecting best practices for effort estimation. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 32:883–895. doi:10.1109/TSE.2006.114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra BB, Dehuri S (2007) Functional link artificial neural network for classification task in data mining. J Comput Sci 3:948–955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nassif AB, Ho D, Capretz LF (2013) Towards an early software estimation using log linear regression and a multilayer perceptron model. J Syst Softw 86:144–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pao YH (1989) Adaptive pattern recognition and neural networks. Addison-Wesley, Reading

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam LH (1978) A general empirical solution to the macro software sizing and estimating problem. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 4:345–361

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Roh S-B, Oh S-K, Pedrycz W (2011) Design of fuzzy radial basis function-based polynomial neural networks. Fuzzy Sets Syst 185:15–37

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Saliu MO, Ahmed M (2004) Soft computing based effort prediction systems—a survey. In: Damiani E, Jain LC (eds) Computational intelligence in software engineering. Springer-Verlag, New York ISBN 3-540-22030-5

    Google Scholar 

  • Stensrud E, Foss T, Kitchenham BA, Myrtveit I (2002) An empirical validation of the relationship between the magnitude of relative error and project size. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 8th metrics symposium, pp 3–12

  • Tadayon N (2005) Neural network approach for software cost estimation. In: Proceedings of the international conference on information technology: coding and computing(ITCC’05) 2, pp 815–818

  • Vahid Khatibi B, Jawawi Dayang NA, Hashim SZM, Khatibi E (2011) A new fuzzy clustering based method to increase the accuracy of software development effort estimation. World Appl Sci J 14:1265–1275

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinay Kumar K, Ravi V, Mahil Carr, Raj Kiran N (2008) Software development cost estimation using wavelet neural networks. J Syst Softw 81:1853–1867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witting G, Finnie G (1994) Using artificial neural networks and function points to estimate 4GL software development effort. J Inform Syst 1:87–94

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anupama Kaushik.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kaushik, A., Soni, A.K. & Soni, R. An improved functional link artificial neural networks with intuitionistic fuzzy clustering for software cost estimation. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 7 (Suppl 1), 50–61 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-014-0298-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-014-0298-2

Keywords

Navigation