Abstract
Green tea (Camellia sinensis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and oak fruit (Quercus branti) are of known medicinal plants used in traditional medicine. They provide substantial antioxidant activities but the possible antioxidant interaction between them has not been studied. In the present study first the bioactive compounds from these three plants were first extracted and thereafter assayed for total phenols, 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and reducing power. In addition, the antioxidant properties of the extracts individually and in combinations were evaluated in soy bean oil as food system. There was a direct relation between total phenolics and antioxidant activities of extracts. Green tea and oak fruit extracts had the highest and least activity, respectively. All three kinds of interactions (synergistic, antagonistic and additive) were observed. In soy bean oil, the only effect was antagonism but even with this effect, combined extract was significantly (P < 0.05) better than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and control sample. Results showed that these three natural extracts and their combination can be effectively used as a substituent of synthetic antioxidant BHT.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguilar F, Autrup H, Barlow S, Castle L, Tobback P, Toldra F (2008) Use of rosemary extracts as a food additive. Eur Food Saf Auth 721:1–29
Anwar F, Kalsoom U, Sultana B, Mushtaq M, Mehmood T, Arshad HA (2013) Effect of drying method and extraction solvent on the total phenolics and antioxidant activity of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) extracts. Int Food Res J 20(2):653–659
Arabshahi S, Urooj A (2007) Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Food Chem 102:1233–1240
Azizkhani M, Zandi P (2009) Effects of some natural antioxidants mixtures on margarine stability. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 49:93–96
Bhagwat S, Beecher GR, Haytowitz DB, Holden JM, Dwyer J, Peterson J, Gebhardt SE (2003) Flavonoid composition of tea: comparison of black and green teas. Agricultural Research Service. USDA database for the flavonoid content of selected foods. Home Page. Available: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp
Bidchol AM, Wilfred A, Abhijna P, Harris R (2011) Free radical scavenging activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica. Food Bioproc Technol 4:1137–1143
Bishov SJ, Masuoka Y, Kapsalis JG (1977) Antioxidant effect of spices, herbs and protein hydrolyzates in freeze-dried model systems: synergistic action with synthetic phenolic antioxidants. J Food Process Preserv 1:153–166
Borgert CJ, Borgert SA, Findley KC (2005) Synergism, antagonism, or additivity of dietary supplements: application of theory to case studies. Thromb Res 117:123–132
Bozkurt H (2006) Utilization of natural antioxidants: green tea extract and Thymbra spicata oil in Turkish dry-fermented sausage. Meat Sci 73:442–450
Chanda S, Rakholiya K, Dholakia K, Baravalia Y (2013) Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and synergistic properties of two nutraceutical plants: Terminalia catappa L. and Colocasia esculenta L. Turk J Biol 37:81–91
Cuvelier ME, Berset C, Richard H (1994) Antioxidant constituents in Sage (Salvia officinalis). J Agric Food Chem 42:665–669
Economou KD, Oreopoulou V, Thomopoulos CD (1991) Antioxidant activity of some plant extracts of the family Labiatae. J Am Oil Chem Soc 68:109–113
Frankel EN, Huang SW, Aeschbach R (1977) Antioxidant activity of green teas in different lipid systems. J Am Chem Soc 74:10
Fuhrman B, Volkova N, Rosenblat M, Aviram M (2003) Lycopen synergistically inhibits LDL oxidation in combination with vitamin E, glabridin, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid or garlic. Antioxid Redox Signal 2:3
Ghaderi M, Sadeghi Mahoonak A, Alami M, Khomeiri M, Mamashloo S (2012) Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts from Q.branti and Q.castaneifolia fruit against some food-borne pathogens by microdilution method. Food Technol Nutr 9:1
Gramza A, Khokhar S, Yoko S, Gliszcznska-Swiglo A, Hes M, Korczak J (2006) Antioxidant activity of tea extracts in lipids and correlation with polyphenol content. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 108:351–362
Gramza-Michałowska A (2007) Antioxidant potential and radical scavenging activity of different fermentation degree tea leaves extracts. Int J Tea Sci 6(4):15–28
Hidalgo M, Moreno C, Teresa S (2010) Flavonoid–flavonoid interaction and its effect on their antioxidant activity. Food Chem 12:691–696
Hras AR, Hadolin M, Knez Z, Bauman D (2000) Comparison of antioxidative and synergistic effects of rosemary extract with a-tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid in sunflower oil. Food Chem 71:229–233
Jain DP, Pancholi HS, Patel R (2011) Synergistic antioxidant activity of green tea with some herbs. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2(3):177–183
Kumar A (2006) Antioxidants: natural and synthetic. Amani International Publishers, ISBN-10: 3-938054-05-0
Lalas S, Dourtoglou V (2003) Use of rosemary extract in preventing oxidation during deep-fat frying of potato chips. J Am Chem Soc 80:579–583
Li M, Xu Y, Yang W, Li J, Xu X, Zhang X, Chen F, Li D (2011) In vitro synergistic anti-oxidant activities of solvent-extracted fractions from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Food Sci Technol 44:1745–1751
Marinova E, Toneva A, Yanishlieva N (2008) Synergistic antioxidant effect of α-tocopherol and myricetin on the autoxidation of triacylglycerols of sunflower oil. Food Chem 106:628–633
Marutti LRB, Barreto GPM, Bragagnolo N, Mercadante AZ (2008) Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extracts from herbs and spices commercialized in Brazil. Braz Arch Biol Technol 51(6):1225–1232
Nasiri Z (2012) Operational conditions effects on extraction yield of antioxidants from Iranian rosemary plant. Recent Adv Eng, ISBN: 978-1-61804-137-1
Pan M, Jiang T, Pan J (2011) Antioxidant activities of rapeseed protein hydrolysates. Food Bioproc Technol 4:1144–1152
Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M (1999) Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of aphosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal Biochem 269:337–341
Queirós B, Barreira JCM, Cristina S, Ferreira ICFR (2009) In search of synergistic effects in antioxidant capacity of combined edible mushrooms. Int J Food Sci Nutr 10:1–13
Rhim JW, Xi Y, Jeong WC, Ham KS, Chung HS, Kim ES (2009) Effect of drying methods on antioxidant activity of Jiwhang (Rehmannia glutinosa). Food Sci Biotechnol 18:1464–1469
Romano CS, Abadi K, Repetto V, Vojnov AA, Moreno S (2009) Synergistic antioxidant and antibacterial activity of rosemary plus butylated derivatives. Food Chem 115:456–461
Shalini D, Sudha G (2010) Antioxidative activity of various tea extracts (Camellia sinensis). J Biosci Res 1(4):271–278
Sheng ZW, Ma WH, Gao JH, Bi Y, Zhang WM, Duo HT, Jin ZQ (2011) Antioxidant properties of banana flower of two cultivars in China using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH,) reducing power, 2, 2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. Afr J Biotechnol 10(21):4470–4477
Shi J, Qu Q (2004) Stability and synergistic effect of antioxidative properties of lycopene and other active components. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 44:559–573
Tavassoli S, EmamJomeh Z (2011) Total phenols, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Glob Vet 7(4):337–341
Viera L, Marques A, Barros L, Barriera J, Ferriera I (2012) Insights in the antioxidant synergistic effects of combined edible mushrooms: phenolic and polysaccharidic extracts of Boletus edulis and Marasmius oreades. J of Food & Nutr Res 51(2):109–116
Wang S, Meckling KA, Marcone MF, Kakuda Y, Tsao R (2011) Synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects of food mixtures on total antioxidant capacities. J Agric Food Chem 59(3):960–968
Yildirim A, Mavi A, Kara AA (2001) Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus extracts. J Agric Food Chem 49:4083–4089
Yin J, Becker E, Anderson M, Skibsted L (2012) Green tea extract as food antioxidant. Synergism and antagonism with a-tocopherol in vegetable oils and their colloidal systems. Food Chem 135:2195–2202
Ziaedini A, Jafari A, Zakeri A (2010) Extraction of antioxidants and caffeine from green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves: kinetics and modeling. Food Sci Technol Int 16:55
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ranjbar Nedamani, E., Sadeghi Mahoonak, A., Ghorbani, M. et al. Evaluation of antioxidant interactions in combined extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and oak fruit (Quercus branti). J Food Sci Technol 52, 4565–4571 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1497-1
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1497-1