Abstract
In this study thermal energy of an engine was used to dry apricot. For this purpose, experiments were conducted on thin layer drying apricot with combined heat and power dryer, in a laboratory dryer. The drying experiments were carried out for four levels of engine output power (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and full load), producing temperatures of 50, 60, 70, and 80 ° C in drying chamber respectively. The air velocity in drying chamber was about 0.5 ± 0.05 m/s. Different mathematical models were evaluated to predict the behavior of apricot drying in a combined heat and power dryer. Conventional statistical equations namely modeling efficiency (EF), Root mean square error (RMSE) and chi-square (χ2) were also used to determine the most suitable model. Assessments indicated that the Logarithmic model considering the values of EF = 0.998746, χ 2 = 0.000120 and RMSE = 0.004772, shows the best treatment of drying apricot with combined heat and power dryer among eleven models were used in this study. The average values of effective diffusivity ranged 1.6260 × 10−9 to 4.3612 × 10−9 m2/s for drying apricot at air temperatures between 50 and 80 °C and at the air flow rate of 0.5 ± 0.05 m/s; the values of Deff increased with the increase of drying temperature the effective diffusivities in the second falling rate period were about eight times greater than that in the first falling rate period.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelhaq EH, Labuza TP (1987) Air drying characteristics of apricots. J Food Sci 52(2):342–345
Aghbashlo M, Kianmehr MH, Khani S, Ghasem M (2009) Mathematical modelling of thin-layer drying of carrot. Int Agrophysics 23(4):313–317
Akgun NA, Doymaz I (2005) Modelling of olive cake thin-layer drying process. J Food Eng 68(4):455–461
Akpinar EK (2008) Mathematical modelling and experimental investigation on sun and solar drying of white mulberry. J Mech Sci Technol 22(8):1544–1553
Akpinar E, Midilli A, Bicer Y (2003) Single layer drying behaviour of potato slices in a convective cyclone dryer and mathematical modeling. Energy Convers Manag 44(10):1689–1705
Ayensu A (1997) Dehydration of food crops using a solar dryer with convective heat flow. Sol Energy 59(4–6):121–126
Babalis SJ, Belessiotis VG (2004) Influence of the drying conditions on the drying constants and moisture diffusivity during the thin-layer drying of figs. J Food Eng 65(3):449–458
Balasubramanian S, Sharma R, Gupta RK, Patil RT (2011) Validation of drying models and rehydration characteristics of betel (Piper betel L.) leaves. J Food Sci Technol 48(6):685–691
Bhattacharya M, Srivastav P, Mishra H (2013) Thin-layer modeling of convective and microwave-convective drying of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). J Food Sci Technol 1–10
Chen C, Wu PC (2001) Thin layer drying model for rough rice with high moisture content. J Agric Eng Res 80(1):45–52
Chhinnan MS (1984) Evaluation of selected mathematical models for describing thin-layer drying of in-shell pecans. Trans ASAE 27:610–615
Crank J (1975) The mathematics of diffusion. Clarendon, Oxford, England
Das Purkayastha M, Nath A, Deka B, Mahanta C (2011) Thin layer drying of tomato slices. J Food Sci Technol 1–12. doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0397-x
Demir V, Gunhan T, Yagcioglu AK, Degirmencioglu A (2004) Mathematical modelling and the determination of some quality parameters of air-dried bay leaves. Biosyst Eng 88(3):325–335
Diamante LM, Munro PA (1991) Mathematical modeling of hot air drying of sweet potato slices. Int J Food Sci Technol 26:99
Doymaz İ (2004a) Drying kinetics of white mulberry. J Food Eng 61(3):341–346
Doymaz İ (2004b) Effect of dipping treatment on air drying of plums. J Food Eng 64(4):465–470
Doymaz İ (2012) Sun drying of seedless and seeded grapes. J Food Sci Technol 49(2):214–220
Ertekin C, Yaldiz O (2004) Drying of eggplant and selection of a suitable thin layer drying model. J Food Eng 63(3):349–359
Goyal RK, Kingsly ARP, Manikantan MR, Ilyas SM (2007) Mathematical modelling of thin layer drying kinetics of plum in a tunnel dryer. J Food Eng 79:176–180
Karathanos VT (1999) Determination of water content of dried fruits by drying kinetics. J Food Eng 39(4):337–344
Kumar N, Sarkar BC, Sharma HK (2012) Mathematical modelling of thin layer hot air drying of carrot pomace. J Food Sci Technol 49(1):33–41
Madamba PS, Driscoll RH, Buckle KA (1996) The thin-layer drying characteristics of garlic slices. J Food Eng 29(1):75–97
Midilli A, Kucuk H, Yapar Z (2002) A new model for single layer drying. Dry Technol 20(7):1503–1513
Motavali A, Najafi G, Abbasi S, Minaei S, Ghaderi A (2011) Microwave–vacuum drying of sour cherry: comparison of mathematical models and artificial neural networks. J Food Sci Technol 1–9. doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0393-1
Murthy T, Manohar B (2013) Hot air drying characteristics of mango ginger: prediction of drying kinetics by mathematical modeling and artificial neural network. J Food Sci Technol 1–10. doi:10.1007/s13197-013-0941-y
Pandiyarajan V, Chinna Pandian M, Malan E, Velraj R, Seeniraj RV (2011) Experimental investigation on heat recovery from diesel engine exhaust using finned shell and tube heat exchanger and thermal storage system. Appl Energy 88:77–87
Simal S, Rossello C, Berna A, Mulet A (1994) Heat and mass transfer model for potato drying. Chem Eng Sci 22(49):3739–3744
Simal S, Deyá E, Frau M, Rosselló C (1997) Simple modelling of air drying curves of fresh and osmotically pre-dehydrated apple cubes. J Food Eng 33(1–2):139–150
Toğrul İT, Pehlivan D (2002) Mathematical modelling of solar drying of apricots in thin layers. J Food Eng 55(3):209–216
Toğrul İT, Pehlivan D (2004) Modelling of thin layer drying kinetics of some fruits under open-air sun drying process. J Food Eng 65(3):413–425
Tunde-Akintunde TY, Ogunlakin GO (2013) Mathematical modeling of drying of pretreated and untreated pumpkin. J Food Sci Technol 50(4):705–713
Velickova E, Winkelhausen E, Kuzmanova S (2013) Physical and sensory properties of ready to eat apple chips produced by osmo-convective drying. J Food Sci Technol 1–11. doi:10.1007/s13197-013-0950-x
Verma LR, Bucklin RA, Endan JB, Wratten FT (1985) Effects of drying air parameters on rice drying models. Trans ASAE 28:296–301
Wang Z, Sun J, Liao X, Chen F, Zhao G, Wu J, Hu X (2007) Mathematical modeling on hot air drying of thin layer apple pomace. Food Res Int 40:39–46
Yilbas BS, Hussain MM, Dincer I (2003) Heat and moisture diffusion in slab products to convective boundary condition. Heat Mass Transf 39:471–476
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the Iranian Fuel Conservation Organization (IFCO) of NIOC for the research grant provided to complete this project and Tarbiat Modares University for providing of laboratory facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Faal, S., Tavakoli, T. & Ghobadian, B. Mathematical modelling of thin layer hot air drying of apricot with combined heat and power dryer. J Food Sci Technol 52, 2950–2957 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1331-9
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1331-9