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Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. C. Berg sawdust as glue-extender in urea formaldehyde-adhesive in enhancing Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. veneer joint bonding strength

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Abstract

Expensive adhesives and preservative-chemicals pose challenges to the wood composite industry. Adhesive-extenders reduce cost and enhance ply-joint bonding strength. Urea Formaldehyde (UF) extender was substituted with Milicia excelsa sawdust to formulate five extender-combinations: A (no sawdust), B (100% cassava flour); C (25% cassava flour, 75% sawdust); D (75% cassava flour, 25% sawdust); E (50% cassava flour, 50% sawdust) and F or control (100% cassava flour with 10 g Fossect 88 insecticide). Each glue-mixture contained 3 kg UF (primary resin), hardener (0.6 kg) and water (4.5 l). Ceiba pentandra ply-joint bond strength was subjected to knife-test under dry and cold/moist conditions. Glue-line durability was determined through outdoor exposure. Viscosities for the formulations ranged between 2600cps (for C) to 265cps (for B and F). C had the fastest spreadability(231.67 g/m2) and F the least (188.33 g/m2). Bond strength for D dry-pressed plies (88.750%)] was greatest and E’s (72.083%) the weakest. Bonds weakened under moist conditions; however, C plies’ (73.33%) remained strongest and F’s (67.083%) the weakest. C plies degraded most outdoors (mass loss: 54.434%); F (13.89%) and E (42.964%) performed well. Normal C. pentandra boards lost 28.975%. Visual durability rating followed similar pattern. Appropriately formulated, sawdust from other durable hardwoods has utilization potential as glue/adhesive-extender and would serve as durable in-line treatment for chemical protection of wood composites alongside conventional preservative-chemical in glue mixtures. These need be explored by the wood and other related industries to enhance timber recovery, efficient total utilization and ensure eco-friendliness.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Management and Staff of Samartex Timber and Plywood Company Ltd. (Samreboi, Ghana) who offered their well-designed Plymill for the investigation. We further acknowledge the technical support from the Staff of the Chemistry and Wood Workshop Laboratories (Department of Wood Science and Technology) and the Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Experimental Plot, KNUST (Kumasi-Ghana). The statistical advice provided by Miss Agnes Ankoma Danso (Biometrician, Crops Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [CSIR], Fumesua-Kumasi) is much appreciated.

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  1. Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

    C. Antwi-Boasiako & S. Abam

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  1. C. Antwi-Boasiako
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  2. S. Abam
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Correspondence to C. Antwi-Boasiako.

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Antwi-Boasiako, C., Abam, S. Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. C. Berg sawdust as glue-extender in urea formaldehyde-adhesive in enhancing Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. veneer joint bonding strength. J Indian Acad Wood Sci 14, 60–69 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-017-0188-8

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