Abstract
Microbial colonization in the gingival sulci of abutment teeth receiving all ceramic retainers with subgingival margins need to be studied to assess the prognosis of periodontal health, which determine the eventual success of fixed partial dentures. This prospective observational study was done to evaluate the quantitative alteration in the microbial flora in the gingival sulci of abutment teeth adjacent to the edentulous space prior and after receiving all ceramic retainers over varying time intervals of 1 week, 1 month and 2 months respectively. Twenty, healthy partially edentulous patients, aged 20–50 years with single missing central incisor were selected for this prospective observational study and their microbial samples were collected from the gingival sulci of abutments adjacent to edentulous space with sterile paper points and cultured and the estimated values for microflora served as controls. The same abutments were prepared to receive all ceramic retainers with subgingival heavy chamfer marginal finish lines. The patients were recalled after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months intervals during which the collected subgingival microbial samples were cultured and the corresponding quantitative microbial alteration in the restored gingival sulci was recorded. The obtained data was statistically analysed using the student t test and repeated analysis of variance test. The results of the study inferred student t test expressed a statistically significant (p < 0.001) progressive increase in gingival sulcular microbial colonisation in the abutment teeth before [M = 2.52 ± SD 1.21(106) CFU/ml] and after receiving all ceramic retainers over varying time intervals of 1 week [M = 3.25 ± SD 1.21(106) CFU/ml], 1 month [M = 4.64 ± SD 1.13(106) CFU/ml] and 2 months [M = 4.75 ± SD 1.16(106) CFU/ml] respectively. The result of repeated analysis of variance test inferred that there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the subgingival microfloral count between the pre operative and post operative samples at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months. Subgingivally placed all-ceramic retainers with heavy chamfer finish lines in the abutment teeth demonstrated a statistically significant increase in sulcular microbial colonization over varying time intervals of 1 week, 1 month and 2 months respectively and this may affect periodontal health of abutment teeth progressively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Samaranayake LP (2005) Essential microbiology for dentistry. Churchill livingstone, London, pp 207–232
Quirynen M, De Soete M, Dierickx K, van Steenberghe D (2001) The intra-oral translocation of periodontopathogens jeopardises the outcome of periodontal therapy: a review of the literature. J Clin Periodontol 28(6):499–507
Zorina OA, Kulakov AA, Rebrikov DV (2011) Quantitative detection of periodontopatogenic microflora in periodontosis and healthy control. Stomatologiia 90(3):40–42
Ananthanarayanan R, Panicker CKJ (2006) Textbook of microbiology, 7th edn. Orient Longman Publishers, Chennai
Baveja CP (2009) Textbook of microbiology for dental students, 2nd edn. Arya Publications, India, pp 333–340
Newman MG, Socransky SS (1977) Predominant cultivable microbiota in periodontosis. J Periodontal Res 12(2):120–128
Slots J (1976) The predominant cultivable organisms in juvenile periodontitis. Eur J Oral Sci 84(1):1–10
Chan C, Weber H (1986) Plaque retention on teeth restored with full-ceramic crowns: a comparative study. J Prosthetic Dent 56(6):666–671
Williams BL, Pantalone RM, Sherris JC (1976) Subgingival microflora and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 11(1):1–18
Lang NP, Kiel RA, Anderhalden K (1983) Clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival restorations with overhanging or clinically perfect margins. J Clin Periodontol 10(6):563–578
Tarnow D, Stahl SS, Magner A, Zamzok J (1986) Human gingival attachment responses to subgingival crown placement marginal remodelling. J Clin Periodontol 13(6):563–569
Satou J, Fukunaga A, Satou N, Shintani H, Okuda K (1988) Streptococcal adherence on various restorative materials. J Dent Res 67:588–591
Sorensen JA (1989) A rationale for comparison of plaque-retaining properties of crown systems. J Prosthet Dent 62:264–268
Leung WK, Yau JY, Jin LJ, Chan AW, Chu FC, Tsang CS, Chan TM (2003) Subgingival microbiota of renal transplant recipients. Oral Microbiol Immunol 18(1):37–44
Leung WK, Jin LJ, Samaranayake LP, Chiu GK (1998) Subgingival microbiota of shallow periodontal pockets in individuals after head and neck irradiation. Oral Microbiol Immunol 13(1):1–10
Flores-de-Jacoby L, Zafiropoulos GG, Ciancio S (1989) Effect of crown margin location on plaque and periodontal health. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent 9(3):197–205
Rosensteil SF (1998) Dental luting agents a review of the current literature. J Prosthet Dent 80:280–301
Medić V, Obradović-Djuričić K, Dodić S, Petrović R (2010) In vitro evaluation of microleakage of various types of dental cements. Srp Arh Celok Lek 138(3–4):143–149
Salari MH, Kadkhoda Z (2004) Rate of cultivable subgingival periodontopathogenic bacteria in chronic periodontitis. J Oral Sci 46:157–161
Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE (2005) Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 43:5721–5732
Newman MG, Takei H, Carranza FA (2002) Carranza’s clinical periodontology, 9th edn. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia
Wise MD, Dykema RW (1975) The plaque-retaining capacity of four dental materials. J Prosthet Dent 33(2):178–190
Trinkner T, Steigerwald P (2001) Enhancing soft tissue health and esthetics through the placement of all ceramic restorations. Oral Health (4):9–21
Bowden GHW, Hamilton IR (1998) Survival of oral bacteria. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 9(1):54–85
Haffajee AD, Socransky SS (2001) Relationship of cigarette smoking to the subgingival microbiota. J Clin Periodontol 28(5):377–388
Kumar PS, Matthews CR, Joshi V, de Jager M, Aspiras M (2011) Tobacco smoking affects bacterial acquisition and colonization in oral biofilms. Infect Immun 79(11):4730–4738
Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Sreenivasan PK (2010) Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of dentifrices on human oral bacteria. J Clin Dent 21(4):96–100
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dhanraj, M., Anand, S. & Ariga, P. Evaluation of Subgingival Microflora in All Ceramic Restorations with Subgingival Heavy Chamfer Finish Lines. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 13, 19–23 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13191-012-0165-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13191-012-0165-2