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Reconceptualising Teacher–Child Dialogue in Early Years Education as a Moral Answerability

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Abstract

This paper forms part of a study which used Bakhtinian concepts to explore the interactions between children aged from 3½ to 5 years and their teachers in two early childhood settings. The paper focuses on the dialogic research approach that was used as the methodological framework, whereby two of the teachers and the researcher engaged in collaborative discussions of selected video recordings of the teacher–child interactions. The study is underpinned by a view of education and thereby teacher–child dialogue as open-ended, and children are seen as active participants. For 4 weeks, spread over a period of 4 months, interactions between the children and the participating teachers were video-recorded. After each week of recordings, the teachers and researcher each selected one of the video clips that surprised or intrigued, and these clips were then discussed at a meeting. It is argued that a dialogic research approach created a more respectful relationship between teachers and researcher by giving the teachers opportunities to contribute to the interpretation of data and to act on these. Findings show that the collaborative discussions not only led to more complex understandings of teacher–child dialogue as uncertain and unfinalised, but also to transformative changes in the teachers’ practice with fewer structured, teacher-initiated activities and more open-ended opportunities for children.

Résumé

Cet article fait partie d’une étude qui utilise des concepts bakhtiniens pour explorer les interactions entre enfants de 3,5 à 5 ans et leurs éducatrices dans deux centres d’éducation préscolaire. L’article est centré sur la méthode de recherche dialogique utilisée comme cadre méthodologique, selon lequel deux des enseignantes et la chercheuse ont engagé des discussions collaboratives sur un choix d’enregistrements vidéo d’interactions entre les enseignantes et les enfants. L’étude est étayée par une vision de l’éducation selon laquelle le dialogue enseignant enfant est ouvert et les enfants sont des participants actifs. Quatre semaines, sur une période de quatre mois, les interactions entre les enfants et les enseignantes participantes ont été enregistrées sur vidéo. Après chaque semaine d’enregistrement, les enseignantes et la chercheuse choisissaient chacune un vidéoclip qui les surprenait ou les fascinait, et discutaient ensuite de ces clips lors d’une réunion. L’article soutient que la méthode de recherche dialogique créait une relation plus respectueuse entre chercheur et enseignantes, en permettant à celles-ci de contribuer à l’interprétation des données et d’y réagir dans la pratique. Les résultats montrent que les discussions collaboratives ont conduit non seulement à une compréhension plus complexe du caractère incertain et non définitif du dialogue enseignante enfant, mais aussi à des changements transformatifs de la pratique des enseignantes aboutissant à une réduction d’activités structurées et initiées par l’enseignante et à une augmentation des occasions ouvertes pour les enfants.

Resumen

Este artículo forma parte de un estudio en el cual se han utilizado conceptos bakhtinianos para explorar las interacciones entre niños de 3½ a 5 años de edad y sus maestros en dos marcos de la primera infancia. El artículo se centra en el enfoque de investigación dialógico que se utilizó como marco metodológico, donde dos de los maestros y el investigador entablaron discusiones colaborativas sobre grabaciones de vídeo seleccionadas de las interacciones entre maestros y niños. El estudio se apoya en una visión educativa, por lo que el diálogo entre el maestro y el niño es abierto, y los niños se consideran participantes activos. Durante cuatro semanas, distribuidas en un período de cuatro meses, se grabaron en vídeo las interacciones entre los niños y los maestros participantes. Al final de cada semana, los maestros y el investigador seleccionaron cada uno de ellos uno de los clips de vídeo de las grabaciones que le fueran sorprendentes o intrigantes, tras lo cual se reunían para debatirlos. Se argumenta que el enfoque de investigación dialógico creó una relación más respetuosa entre los maestros y el investigador al ofrecer a los maestros la oportunidad de contribuir a la interpretación de los datos y actuar al respecto. Los resultados muestran cómo las discusiones colaborativas no solo condujeron a un entendimiento más profundo de que el diálogo entre maestros y niños es incierto e inconcluso, sino que también generó cambios transformativos en la práctica pedagógica, con menos actividades estructuradas e iniciadas por el maestro, y oportunidades más abiertas para los niños.

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Correspondence to Lia de Vocht.

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de Vocht, L. Reconceptualising Teacher–Child Dialogue in Early Years Education as a Moral Answerability. IJEC 47, 317–330 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-015-0140-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-015-0140-2

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