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Statistical Modeling of Batch Versus Continuous Feeding Strategies for Pollutant Removal by Tropical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

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Abstract

In this study, six mesocosms, including three subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF CWs) and three sand filters (without plants) were set up at the campus of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The objective of this study was to compare the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (TP) under batch and continuous operational modes. Three factors, namely, with/without the presence of vegetation, operational modes (batch and continuous) and hydraulic residence time were investigated by two statistical models including factorial design and its rationale analysis and a quadratic polynomial regression model with ANOVA, to find the relationships between the contaminant removal efficiencies and the affecting factors, as well as to determine the dominant variables and how each of them interact for each parameter.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by Maritime Research Centre (MRC) and Advanced Environmental and Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. We thank Singapore Membrane Technological Centre (SMTC) and Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI) at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore for the use of the laboratory facilities and technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DHI-NTU Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, N1.2-B1-02, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Wang Dong Ni, Dong Qing Zhang & Jianhao Hong

  2. Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, Hardy Tower 119, 5500 Campanile, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA

    Richard M. Gersberg

  3. Taiwan Typhoon and Flood Research Institute, Taichung, 40763, Taiwan

    Jianhao Hong

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka

    K. B. S. N. Jinadasa

  5. Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, N1-B3b-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Wun Jern Ng

  6. Maritime Research Centre and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1.2-B1-02, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Soon Keat Tan

Authors
  1. Wang Dong Ni
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  2. Dong Qing Zhang
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  3. Richard M. Gersberg
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  4. Jianhao Hong
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  5. K. B. S. N. Jinadasa
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  6. Wun Jern Ng
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  7. Soon Keat Tan
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Correspondence to Dong Qing Zhang.

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Ni, W.D., Zhang, D.Q., Gersberg, R.M. et al. Statistical Modeling of Batch Versus Continuous Feeding Strategies for Pollutant Removal by Tropical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands. Wetlands 33, 335–344 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0389-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0389-x

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