Skip to main content
Log in

A retrospective study on imported Malaria in Jordan. 1. Malaria among Jordanian UN peacekeeping forces

Étude rétrospective du paludisme d’importation en Jordanie. 1. Le paludisme chez les forces jordaniennes de maintien de la paix de l’ONU

  • Public Health / Santé Publique
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Abstract

Malaria is considered as one of the most threatening diseases affecting peacekeeping forces serving in malaria endemic countries. The Jordanian Armed Forces participated in many of the United Nations peacekeeping missions in over 20 countries across the world. Thin and thick blood smears were collected from military personnel returning to Jordan, and relevant data including occupation, age, sex, residence address and the country they served in were recorded. Mefloquine 250 mg/week was prescribed for prophylaxis during the period of stay for three contingents of Jordanian military forces deployed to East Timor. Members of two contingents were given post exposure prophylactic treatment of Doxycycline 100 mg coupled with Primaquine 15 mg daily for 14 days soon after returning to Jordan. Blood smears were taken from all soldiers suspected to be affected by malaria, and were monitored over a period of 15 weeks. A total of 811 malaria cases were reported during 1992–2011 among Jordanian military personnel whom served in over 20 countries. Most cases were reported among troops returning from Eretria (54.74%), East Timor (18.86%), Ivory Coast (9.12%) and Sierra Leone (5.1%). Troops aged between 20–40 years constituted 96.3% of the total reported cases. The majority of infections were due to Plasmodium vivax (83.5%), followed by Plasmodium falciparum (13.6%). The attack rates (AR) of malaria/100 soldiers among the three contingents were 10.8% for Timor 1, with no post-exposure prophylaxis, and 2.8% for Timor 2 and 3 with post-exposure prophylaxis. There was an evident reduction of malaria attack rate and relapse rate between the two groups Timor 1 (without post-exposure prophylaxis) and Timor 2 and 3 (given post exposure prophylaxis).

Résumé

Le paludisme est considéré comme l’une des principales maladies auxquelles sont exposées les forces de maintien de la paix envoyées dans des pays d’endémie palustre. Les forces armées jordaniennes ont participé à de nombreuses missions de maintien de la paix des Nations unies dans plus de 20 pays. Des gouttes épaisses et des frottis sanguins ont été effectués sur des militaires revenant en Jordanie. Les données correspondantes ont été enregistrées: métier, âge, sexe, adresse de résidence et pays où s’est déroulée la mission. Trois contingents des forces armées jordaniennes déployés au Timor oriental ont reçu de la méfloquine en traitement prophylactique à raison de 250 mg/ semaine. Dès leur retour en Jordanie, les membres de deux contingents ont reçu pendant 14 jours un traitement quotidien prophylactique post-exposition par la doxycycline 100 mg associée à la primaquine 15 mg. Des frottis sanguins ont été effectués chez tous les soldats suspectés d’avoir contracté le paludisme. Le suivi s’est déroulé pendant 15 semaines. Un total de 811 cas de paludisme ont été rapportés de 1992 à 2011 chez les militaires jordaniens ayant servi dans 20 pays. La plupart des cas ont été rapportés chez les troupes revenant d’Erythrée (54,74 %), du Timor oriental (18,86 %), de la Côte d’Ivoire (9,12 %) et du Sierra Leone (5,1 %). Les soldats âgés de 20 à 40 ans ont représenté 96,3 % des cas rapportés. La majorité des infections étaient dues à Plasmodium vivax (83,5 %), suivi par Plasmodium falciparum (13,6 %). Les taux d’attaque de paludisme pour 100 soldats de ces contingents étaient de 10,8 % pour le groupe Timor 1 sans traitement prophylactique postexposition et de 2,8 % pour les groupes Timor 2 et 3 avec traitement prophylactique post-exposition. Une réduction effective du taux d’attaque de paludisme et du taux de rechute a été constatée entre le groupe Timor 1 et les groupes Timor 2 et 3.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abu Rumman S, Wardat Y, Abu Rumman M, et al (2008) Malaria incidence among a group of Jordanian military troops in Sierra Leone in 2000. JRMS 15(2):38–40

    Google Scholar 

  2. Al-Khalili YH, Katbeh-Bader A, Amr Z (2000) Distribution and ecology of mosquito larvae in Jordan (Diptera: Culicidae). Stud Dipterol 7(1):179–188

    Google Scholar 

  3. Amr ZS, Al-Khalili Y, Arbaji A (1997) Larval mosquitoes collected from northern Jordan and the Jordan Valley. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 13:375–378.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Anonymous (2013) The Jordanian Peace Operation Training Center, Zarqa, Jordan. Available at http://www.potc.mil.jo/role_all.shtm [Date accessed: March 15, 2013]

  5. Chang EA, Park I, Kim JY, et al (2004) Seroprevalence of Malaria Infections in Korean Troops on a Peacekeeping Mission in East Timor from 2001 to 2002. J Travel Med 11(4):253–256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ciminera P, Brundage J (2007) Malaria in U.S. military forces: a description of deployment exposures from 2003 through 2005. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76(2):275–279

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. De Zulueta J, Mur DA (1972) Malaria eradication in the Near East. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 66(5):679–696

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gras C, Laroche R, Guelain J, et al (1993) Place actuelle de la doxycycline dans la chimioprophylaxie du paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 86(1):52–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kawar GI, Maayah JF (2004) Malaria cases among Jordanian medical team on prophylactic mefloquine in Sierra Leone. JRMS 11(1):10–12

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kawar GI, Maayah JF, Rawashdeh BT (2003) Analysis of malaria cases among United Nations troops in Sierra Leone. Saudi Med J 24(8):881–884

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kitchener SJ, Auliff AM, Rieckmann KH (2000) Malaria in the Australian Defence Force during and after participation in the International Force in East Timor (INTERFET). Med J Aust 173(11–12):583–585

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kopel E, Schwartz E, Amitai Z, Volovik I (2010) Relapsing vivax malaria cluster in Eritrean refugees, Israel, June 2010. Euro Surveill 15(26):2–4

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kotwal RS, Wenzel RB, Sterling RA, et al (2005) An outbreak of malaria in US Army Rangers returning from Afghanistan. JAMA 293(2):212–216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Meneizel S, Rabadi K, Muhareb H, Kawar G (2009) Epidemiology of imported malaria cases in Jordan between 2000 and 2005. JRMS 16(3):10–15

    Google Scholar 

  15. Muentener P, Schlagenhauf P, Steffen R (1999) Imported malaria (1985-95): trends and perspectives. Bull World Health Organ 77(7):560–566

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nzeyimana I, Henry MC, Dossou-Yovo J, et al (2002) Épidémiologie du paludisme dans le sud-ouest forestier de la Côte d’Ivoire (région de Taï). Bull Soc Pathol Exot 95(2):89–94 [http://www.pathexo.fr/documents/articles-bull/T95-2-2344.pdf]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Peragallo MS, Croft AM, Kitchener SJ (2002) Malaria during a multinational military deployment: the comparative experience of the Italian, British and Australian Armed Forces in East Timor. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96(5):481–482.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Sergiev VP, Baranova AM, Orlov VS, et al (1993) Importation of malaria into the USSR from Afghanistan, 1981–89. Bull World Health Organ 71(3–4):385–388

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sintasath DM, Ghebremeskel T, Lynch M, et al (2005) Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors in Eritrea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72(6):682–687

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Whitman TJ, Coyne PE, Magill AJ, et al (2010) An outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in U.S. Marines deployed to Liberia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83(2):258–265

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Z. -S. Amr.

About this article

Cite this article

Kanani, K., Amr, Z.S., Shadfan, B. et al. A retrospective study on imported Malaria in Jordan. 1. Malaria among Jordanian UN peacekeeping forces. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 107, 110–114 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-014-0356-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-014-0356-7

Keywords

Mots clés

Navigation