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Influence of municipal wastewater on rice seed germination, seedling performance, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll content

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Abstract

The sand medium experiment was conducted in the laboratory with the aim of evaluating the suitability of municipal wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100%) for irrigation purposes on seed germination, seedling performance, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll content of rice (MR220). The utilization of municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes has developed an important way to exploit the nutrients it contains. The study indicated a significant (P < 0.05) difference between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for seedling length (SL), root volume (RV), root surface area (RSA), seedling vigor index (SVI), and root: shoot ratio (R : S) while no significant different was observed between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for germination percentage (GP) and percentage phytotoxicity (PPT). The municipal wastewaters had stimulatory effect on the rice seeds at lower wastewater concentrations (< 25%) while inhibitory effect was observed at higher wastewater concentrations (> 50%). N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn were high in the untreated municipal wastewater compare to treated municipal wastewater. Seedlings irrigated with untreated municipal wastewater have high seed germination, seedling performance with high nutrient uptake compare to treated municipal wastewater. The municipal wastewaters showed inhibitory effect on chlorophyll content. The inhibition effect was observed at > 50% concentration of both untreated and treated municipal wastewater while promoting effects were observed at lower (< 25%) concentration. The rice MR220 variety showed better growth resistance, tolerance, and adaptability to wastewater. This can be due to its excellent genetic makeup and capacity to sustain the toxicity. Conclusively, municipal wastewater could be recommended as a good source of water and nutrient for seed germination and seedling performance.

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Abbreviations

MR:

Malaysian rice

N:

nitrogen

P:

phosphorous

K:

potassium

Ca:

calcium

Mg:

magnesium

Zn:

zinc

Fe:

iron

Cu:

cupper

Mn:

manganese

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

    Umaru Mohamed Gassama, Adam Bin Puteh & Mohamed Ridzwan Abd-Halim

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of environmental studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

    Bashiru Kargbo

Authors
  1. Umaru Mohamed Gassama
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  2. Adam Bin Puteh
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  3. Mohamed Ridzwan Abd-Halim
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  4. Bashiru Kargbo
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Correspondence to Umaru Mohamed Gassama.

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Gassama, U.M., Puteh, A.B., Abd-Halim, M.R. et al. Influence of municipal wastewater on rice seed germination, seedling performance, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll content. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 18, 9–19 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-014-0091-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-014-0091-4

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