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Ancient canals in the valley of Bourgoin-La Verpillière (France, Isère): morphological and geoarchaeological studies of irrigation systems from the Iron Age to the Early Middle Ages (8th century bc–6th century ad)

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Abstract

Crop marks of long canals diverted from ancient rivers were identified on aerial photographs in the valley of Bourgoin-la Verpillière, in the northern part of the Isère department. The environmental multidisciplinary study of the sedimentary fill of these canals sheds light on their function and chronology of use between the Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages (8th century bc–6th century ad). We interpret these hydraulic structures between 0.4 and 2 m deep, as part of large gravity irrigation systems for watering meadows, and even for growing specific crops in the marshes during the Roman period. These findings shed new light on the antiquity of irrigation practices in temperate climate zones and demonstrate the artificialization of wetlands since the Protohistory, based on a sophisticated engineering technology. These new data show that hydraulic systems were integrated into the Iron Age agricultural system several centuries before the Roman Conquest of the Transalpine Gaul in the end of the 2nd century bc.

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Notes

  1. « The country of the Salassi has gold mines also, which in former times, when the Salassi were powerful, they kept possession of, just as they were also masters of the passes. The Durias River was of the greatest aid to them in their mining—I mean in washing the gold; and therefore, in making the water branch off to numerous places, they used to empty the common bed completely. But although this was helpful to the Salassi in their hunt for the gold, it distressed the people who farmed the plains below them, because their country was deprived of irrigation; for, since its bed was on favourable ground higher up, the river could give the country water. And for this reason both tribes were continually at war with each other.” Translation by H. L. Jones (Loeb Classical Library, 1923).

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Acknowledgments

The results presented in this paper were obtained in the framework of a Ph.D. in Archeology (Bernigaud 2012), which was supported by the Collective Research Program (PCR) «Peuplement et milieu en Bas-Dauphiné (Isle Crémieu) de l’apparition de l’agriculture à l’époque moderne» founded by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication coordinated by J.-F. Berger (EVS-Lyon 2) and a program of the National Agency for Research (ANR) “Paleohydrology and Human-Climate-Environment Interactions in the Alps “(Pygmalion) coordinated by Fabien Arnaud (Edytem, Chambéry). The research undertaken in Isère was also encouraged by Anne Lebot-Helly, Benoît Helly and Robert Royet from the Service Régional d’Archéologie-Rhône-Alpes and Anne Cayol-Gerin and Annick Clavier from the Conseil Général de l’Isère. We thank the Centre de datation pour le radiocarbone of Lyon 1 University and Laboratoire de Mesure du Carbone 14, UMS 2572, ARTEMIS in Saclay for 14C measurements by SMA in the framework of the National Service to CEA, CNRS, IRD, IRSN and the French Ministry of Culture and Communication. We are grateful to Stéphane Bleu and Odile Franc from the Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP) and to all those who participated to the field operations: Grégory Gaucher, Pierre-Gil Salvador, Louise Purdue, and Sébastien Guillon. Finally we would like to thank Auréade Henry and the reviewers for their careful editing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nicolas Bernigaud.

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Bernigaud, N., Berger, JF., Bouby, L. et al. Ancient canals in the valley of Bourgoin-La Verpillière (France, Isère): morphological and geoarchaeological studies of irrigation systems from the Iron Age to the Early Middle Ages (8th century bc–6th century ad). Water Hist 6, 73–93 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12685-013-0096-9

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