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Runoff and water budget of the Liudaogou Catchment at the wind–water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China

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Abstract

The objectives of this study were to examine the runoff characteristics and to estimate water budget at the wind–water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China. A small catchment known as Liudaogou that has representative meteorological and hydrological conditions of the wind–water erosion crisscross region was chosen as the study location. A numerical model for rainfall-runoff was developed and verified; rainfall-runoff calculation for 5 years (2005–2009) was performed. The observed data and numerical result of the surface runoff were used for evaluating runoff characteristics and estimating the annual water budget. Runoff rate was proportional to average intensity of rain. Even though rainfall duration was for few minutes, surface runoff was generated by intensity of more than 2.6 mm × 5 min−1, when rainfall duration exceeded 10 h; surface runoff was generated by an intensity of 0.6 mm × 5 min−1, while annual runoff rate was 10–15 %. The unit area of 1 km2 was adopted as the index area for estimating annual water budget. Runoff, evapotranspiration, variation of water storage, and habitant water consumption accounted for 20.4, 75.6, 0, and 4 % of the total annual precipitation, respectively. Results of this study provide the basis for further research on hydrology, water resources, and sustainable water development and utilization at the wind–water erosion crisscross region on the northern Loess Plateau where annual water resources are relatively deficient.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 41271046), JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Core University Program, Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China for oversea scholar (No. 87328), and Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Foundation for overseas scholars, China (No. 1251H017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 31, Jiangyang-Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China

    Huang Jinbai

  2. College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 88, South University Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China

    Wen Jiawei

  3. Faculty of Engineering, The Graduate School, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan

    Hinokidani Osamu

  4. Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390, Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan

    Yasuda Hiroshi

Authors
  1. Huang Jinbai
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  2. Wen Jiawei
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  3. Hinokidani Osamu
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  4. Yasuda Hiroshi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huang Jinbai.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Runoff event due to long-duration and low intensity rainfall (14–15 Aug 2004) (TIFF 949 kb)

Relationship between rainfall duration and runoff rate (TIFF 836 kb)

Relationship between rainfall amount and runoff rate (TIFF 764 kb)

Average soil water content (in depth of 0.0-1.0 m, Jun. 2004-Sep. 2007) (TIFF 877 kb)

Groundwater fluctuation (well No. 1, Feb. 2005-Nov. 2006) and monthly groundwater change (TIFF 1253 kb)

Supplementary material 6 (TIFF 876 kb)

12665_2014_3273_MOESM7_ESM.tif

Irrigation withdrawal method and monthly irrigation withdrawal. (a) Irrigation withdrawal (example on 17-18 Aug 2008). (b) Monthly irrigation withdrawal from the large reservoir (TIFF 786 kb)

Supplementary material 8 (TIFF 974 kb)

Index of rainfall and runoff rate (DOC 54 kb)

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Jinbai, H., Jiawei, W., Osamu, H. et al. Runoff and water budget of the Liudaogou Catchment at the wind–water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China. Environ Earth Sci 72, 3623–3633 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3273-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3273-y

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